Simple sequence repeat marker development and use in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)
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- Tez No: 400003
- Danışmanlar: DR. SHAWN A. MEHLENBACHER
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği, Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2009
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Oregon State University
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 328
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
New highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for Europeanhazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). were developed from several sources. The markerswere characterized, and segregation in a mapping population allowed to assigne themto linkage groups. Their transferability across genera and species in the Betulaceaefamily was investigated. SSR markers were used to fingerprint several hazelnutaccessions, including those from recent collections in northern Spain, Turkey, Georgiaand Azerbaijan.A total of 170 new single-locus polymorphic SSR primers were developed inhazelnut: 76 from a library enriched for GA repeats, 13 from a library enriched forCA repeats, 23 from internal repeats in cloned inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR)fragments, 52 from repeats at the ends of ISSR fragments, and 6 from Betulaceaesequences in GenBank. These polymorphic loci were characterized using 50 hazelnutaccessions, including the parents of a mapping population and 48 accessions thatrepresented the high level of genetic diversity in European hazelnut.One hundred forty three of the new polymorphic SSR loci were mapped in afull-sib population. The map of the resistant parent consists of 344 markers (175random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and 169 SSRs) spanning 837cM with an average of 2.43 cM between markers, while the map of the susceptibleparent consists of 366 markers (183 RAPDs and 183 SSRs) spanning 926 cM with anaverage of 2.53 cM between markers. SRR locus A601 co-segregated with the Slocusthat controls pollen-stigma incompatibility, and four loci (B774, B720, B760,and SSR62) were tightly linked to the S-locus (?6 cM). Five loci (B716, B776, SSR9,SSR28, and SSR 100) were placed on linkage group 6 with the 'Gasaway' gene forresistance to eastern filbert blight. The Betula genes BpMADS2 and BetV1 and aCorylus lipoxygenase (LOX) gene were also placed on the hazelnut genetic map. Ahigh percentage of loci (26.5%) gave poor fit to Mendelian expectation.Transferability of 66 Corylus and 52 Betula SSR primer pairs was studied byamplifying 69 accessions representing diverse taxa in the family Betulaceae. Thetransferability of 157 additional SSR loci developed from Corylus was investigatedusing 32 Betulaceae accessions. Transferability across species was 92.31%, whileacross genera in the Betulaceae it was 40.90%. The highest transferability acrossgenera was 58.72% between Betula and Alnus. For the Corylus loci, transferabilityacross species averaged 93.95% and across genera averaged 42.16%. The highestcross-genera amplification was 58.72% in Carpinus species.Using 12 microsatellite loci, genetic diversity was investigated in hazelnutaccessions from Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan and compared to cultivars in theItalian-Spanish cluster. A high level of genetic diversity (Ho = 0.69) in the cultivarsfrom Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan was observed. A moderate shift in allelicfrequencies (FST = 0.11 to 0.13) was seen between accessions from these threecountries and the Italian-Spanish accessions, with accessions from the Black Sea andCaucasus tending to form subgroups by country of origin.The same 12 microsatellite loci were used to investigate genetic diversity in 69hazelnut accessions collected in northern Spain. Of these, 50 had fingerprintsidentical to 'Casina', while the remaining 19 were unique and highly diverse.Genotyping profiles were produced for 160 additional accessions using the twelwedozen SSR loci.
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