Earth observation for quantifying ecohydrological fluxes and inter-relations: A regional case, the Konya closed basin, Turkey
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 400947
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. WOUTER VERHOEF, DR. ZOLTAN VEKERDY, PROF. OKKE BATELAAN
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Jeoloji Mühendisliği, Geological Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2013
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: University of Twente
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 188
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
Arid and semi-arid regions are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic and climate effects due to their scarce water resources, usually with a clear imbalance and a widening gap between the demand and the availability of water, mainly due to agricultural activities. Furthermore, when supplementary groundwater or surface water is used for irrigation, the increased evapotranspiration by crops may largely exceed the input from precipitation, causing large deficits in the regional water balance. Therefore, acquiring accurate knowledge of both precipitation and evapotranspiration and their spatial distribution in arid and semi-arid regions are both considered important challenges in the scientific community and essential for a sustainable water/land resources management and preventing the degradation of ecosystems. Main objective of the research presented in this thesis is to effectively utilize and integrate earth observation methods to improve the spatio-temporal assessment of the hydrological fluxes and the ecosystem's health and their inter-relations at a large semi-arid basin scale through taking a prominent example of a semi-arid region, namely The Konya basin in central Anatolia (Turkey). As the first step, this research focused on improving estimation of the spatiotemporal fluxes (i.e. evapotranspiration and precipitation) through developing enhanced models and/or integrating different data/methods. In Chapter 3, an updated version of the SEBS model (i.e. SEBS-SM), that explicitly includes the effect of soil moisture availability on evapotranspiration, is introduced. The results indicated a better accounting for the water stress conditions by the updated SEBS-SM, with an overall accuracy improvement of about 70 W m-2 in the estimation of heat fluxes for the sparse vegetation land cover. With respect to obtaining an improved estimation of the precipitation distribution, the RS-based monthly Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall product was firstly bias-removed based on rain-gauge measurements and then integrated with an explicit estimate of the snowfall contribution to precipitation based on RS and field measurements (Chapter 4). In the next step, Chapter 4, the focus was quantifying and validating a spatially distributed water balance through developing a simplified conceptual model and using improved estimations of evapotranspiration and precipitation. According to the spatially distributed water balance, the average quantity of supplementary irrigation from the irrigated croplands was 308 ± 132 mm y-1 (the maximum reaching up to 500 mm y-1) with the source of about 80% from groundwater and 20% from surface water. These fluxes correspond to an average total volume change of about -4,700 MCM y-1 from the groundwater storage in the croplands (including irrigated, mixed and non-irrigated) during the study period (2005 - 2009). Besides the croplands, the large P - ET differences in the wetlands (-422 ± 209 mm y-1) and water bodies (avg. -495 ± 76 mm y-1) indicate that they receive large groundwater and/or surface water inputs to sustain such excess ET. For assessing the effectiveness of the methodology, we validated the spatially distributed water balance also in a spatially distributed manner comparing with the distributed GW level observations, which differs from other studies that validated their satellite-based water balance against the streamflow data at the outlet of the river basins. In the following Chapter 5, an integrated framework was implemented for assessing the recent spatio-temporal trends (from 2000 t0 2010) and interrelations in the ecohydrology of the region. The combined assessment of the trends in ET and NDVI revealed that: significant (p
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