Almacık Dağı (Adapazarı) çevresinin deprem risk alanları ile aktif tektoniği
Active tectonics and earthquake risk zones of Almacık Mountain (Adapazarı) and surrounding areas
- Tez No: 84146
- Danışmanlar: YRD. DOÇ. DR. SEZAİ GÖRMÜŞ
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Jeoloji Mühendisliği, Geological Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1999
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Hacettepe Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Jeoloji Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 142
Özet
VI ABSTRACT The study area located in the Almacik Mountain and the surrounding area, Northwest part of Turkey, between Adapazarı and Bolu provinces, where Almacik Ophiolite complex is observed. The studied area covers an area of 2000 km2 in the 1/100.000 scaled topographic sheets of Adapazarı G25 and Bolu G26. The main aims of this study is to determine the tectonic structures, to simplify and generalize the complex stratigraphic sequence, and to find out the seismotectonic properties of the studied area. It is also aimed to construct a model which shows the potential earthquake risk zones (microzonation) and earthquake hazards zones of the study area by using Geographic information system and remote sensing techniques. The stratigraphic units of the study area, from Paleozoic to Quaternary are divided into nineteen lithologic units and they are examined in four places as, between Hendek and Gölyaka, south of Mudurnu River, Almacik Mountain, and the vicinity of Kaynaşlı to simplify the general stratigraphic sequence. Fault tectonics is dominant in the tectonic setting of the study area. Active faults generally showing oblique character are determined as secondary faults between the main of faults of Hasanbey - Kaynaşlı Fault observed at north which is a right lateral strike slip fault and trending East-West, and Mudurnu Valley Fault observed at south, in the study area which partly covers the west part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. There was no evidence of any rotational movement in the fault systems surrounding the serpantinite blocks in the Almacik Ophiolite complex; however, it is assumed that this fault systems may be the faults look like a positive flower structure grown between the two main faults. As a result of the fracture and lineament analysis it is determined that compression forces in the direction of Northwest-Southeast and tension forces in the direction of Northeast-Southwest are dominant, as a consequence of the shear regime in the study area. Consequently it is determined that observed fracture systems are generally tension fractures, and lineaments are secondary Riedel fracture mechanism. The seismotectonics properties of the study area are investigated by using the earthquake data covering years between 1900 and 1998. Earthquake distributions are dense in the west part of the area and surrounding regions of the fault zone. Crust thickness is about 35 km according to the depth crossvu sections and old researches. A model was constructed for determining the potential earthquake risk zones by using data collected during the field and office studies, which is transferred into digital environment in the study area where two damaging earthquake (1957 Abant and 1967 Mudurnu Valley) occurred. The developed model was based on geologic, morphologic, and seismic properties. After applying the model, it is determined that the potential earthquake risk zones are located near the fault zones on the west part of the study area. Also, another model was developed for determining the potential earthquake hazard zones in the study area by using geographic information system techniques. This model was tested on the past damaging earthquakes (1957 and 1967 earthquakes) occurred in the study area. Finally, a scenario earthquake was created in Akyazı town at west part of the study area and the damage distribution was calculated according to the proposed model. As a result of this scenario earthquake, it is determined that 17 towns including primarily Akyazı have high risk of damage.
Özet (Çeviri)
VI ABSTRACT The study area located in the Almacik Mountain and the surrounding area, Northwest part of Turkey, between Adapazarı and Bolu provinces, where Almacik Ophiolite complex is observed. The studied area covers an area of 2000 km2 in the 1/100.000 scaled topographic sheets of Adapazarı G25 and Bolu G26. The main aims of this study is to determine the tectonic structures, to simplify and generalize the complex stratigraphic sequence, and to find out the seismotectonic properties of the studied area. It is also aimed to construct a model which shows the potential earthquake risk zones (microzonation) and earthquake hazards zones of the study area by using Geographic information system and remote sensing techniques. The stratigraphic units of the study area, from Paleozoic to Quaternary are divided into nineteen lithologic units and they are examined in four places as, between Hendek and Gölyaka, south of Mudurnu River, Almacik Mountain, and the vicinity of Kaynaşlı to simplify the general stratigraphic sequence. Fault tectonics is dominant in the tectonic setting of the study area. Active faults generally showing oblique character are determined as secondary faults between the main of faults of Hasanbey - Kaynaşlı Fault observed at north which is a right lateral strike slip fault and trending East-West, and Mudurnu Valley Fault observed at south, in the study area which partly covers the west part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. There was no evidence of any rotational movement in the fault systems surrounding the serpantinite blocks in the Almacik Ophiolite complex; however, it is assumed that this fault systems may be the faults look like a positive flower structure grown between the two main faults. As a result of the fracture and lineament analysis it is determined that compression forces in the direction of Northwest-Southeast and tension forces in the direction of Northeast-Southwest are dominant, as a consequence of the shear regime in the study area. Consequently it is determined that observed fracture systems are generally tension fractures, and lineaments are secondary Riedel fracture mechanism. The seismotectonics properties of the study area are investigated by using the earthquake data covering years between 1900 and 1998. Earthquake distributions are dense in the west part of the area and surrounding regions of the fault zone. Crust thickness is about 35 km according to the depth crossvu sections and old researches. A model was constructed for determining the potential earthquake risk zones by using data collected during the field and office studies, which is transferred into digital environment in the study area where two damaging earthquake (1957 Abant and 1967 Mudurnu Valley) occurred. The developed model was based on geologic, morphologic, and seismic properties. After applying the model, it is determined that the potential earthquake risk zones are located near the fault zones on the west part of the study area. Also, another model was developed for determining the potential earthquake hazard zones in the study area by using geographic information system techniques. This model was tested on the past damaging earthquakes (1957 and 1967 earthquakes) occurred in the study area. Finally, a scenario earthquake was created in Akyazı town at west part of the study area and the damage distribution was calculated according to the proposed model. As a result of this scenario earthquake, it is determined that 17 towns including primarily Akyazı have high risk of damage.
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