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Hasar gören yapı elemanlarının polimer enjeksiyon yöntemi ile onarımı

Repair of damaged building elements by the polymer injection method

  1. Tez No: 39466
  2. Yazar: ADNAN ÇOLAK
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. NİHAT TOYDEMİR
  4. Tez Türü: Doktora
  5. Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1994
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 103

Özet

ÖZET Hasar gören yapıların onarımında yaygın olarak kullanılan polimer enjeksiyonu yöntemini incelemek amacıyla yapılan bu araştırmada, polimer ve polimer harçlarının çelik ve betona yapışma özellikleri ve değişik dış etkilere karşı dayanıklılıkları incelenmiştir. Araştırma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır: 1.Çatlamış beton kirişlerin polimer enjeksiyonu yöntemiyle onarımı, 2.Çelik donatıların polimer enjeksiyonu yöntemiyle betona yapıştırılması. Birinci bölümde, üretilen beton kirişler mesnet orta noktalarından tekil yükleme altında kırılmışlar daha sonra parçalar yanyana getirilerek araları polimer yada polimer harcı ile doldurulmuştur. Değişik çatlak genişliklerini simgelemek amacıyla parçalar arasında l mm'den küçük, Imm ve Bmm'lik aralık bırakılmıştır. Bu aralık yalın metilmetakrilat ve metilmetakrilat harcı, 2 cins yalın epoksi ve 2 cins epoksi harcı ile doldurulmuştur. Böylece onarılan beton kirişler daha sonra k noktalı eğilme deneyi altında kırılmışlar ve kırılmanın yapıştırılan yüzeylerden oluşup oluşmadığı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca onarılan parçaların nem içeriğinin, donma ve çözülmenin, kimyasal maddelerin ve sıcaklığın bu yapışmaya etkisi de araştırılmıştır. İkinci bölümde, çeliğin betona yapıştırılması yukarıda sözü edilen monomer sistemleri ve benzer yöntem kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ancak, bu bölümde sadece polimer kalınlığının ve monomer sistemlerinin yapışmaya etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada denenen epoksi sistemlerinin genel olarak betona yapışma özelliklerinin ve dış etkilere karşı dayanıklıklarının yeterli olduğu görülmüştür. MMA, sistemlerinde yapıştırılan kirişlerin dayanımında %6D'a varan oranlarda düşüşler gözlenmiştir. Bu sistemlerin çeliğe yapışma özelliklerininde yetersiz olduğu görülmüştür. Oysa epoksi sistemlerle betona yapıştırılan çelik donatıların aderansı yaklaşık 2 kat artmıştır. vi

Özet (Çeviri)

REPAİR OF DAMAGED BUİLDİNG ELEMENTS BY THE PDLYMER INOECTİON METHOD SUMMARY This research is conducted uıith the aim of investigating polymer injection, uıhich is uıidely used far repairing damaged structures. The adhesion characteristics of polymers and polymeric mortar ta steel and concrete as uell as their resistance ta various external factors are cansidered. The research consists of tuo parts: 1.Repair of cracked concrete beams by means of the polymer injectian methad. 2.Adhesion af steel reinfarcement to cancrete by means of the polymer injection method. in the first part cancrete beams are produced and then point-loaded at the centre betuıeen supports until they break.. Subsequently the broken pieces are brought together: again reinstated using polymer ör polymeric mortar as adhesive and filler. Gaps of narrouıer than Imm, Imro and 5 mim are initially left betu/een pieces to represent cracks. These gaps are then filled yith püre methyl metacrylate ancf methylmetacrylate mortar, tuo types of püre epoxy and tuıo types of epoxy mortar The cancrete beams uhich are repaired in this uay are subjected to the 4-point bending test until failure again to examine uıhether the beams have failed along the surfaces of adhesion. The ratios af bending strength reductian are determined far beams uıhich failed along the adhesion surfaces. Additionally, the effects of moisture content of the repaired pieces, freezing and thauıing, chemicals and temperature on the adhesion are investigated. in the second part, the cancrete adhesion of steel reinforcement bars burried in cancrete prizms, are measured through pull-aut test. Holes af İD mm diameter are obtained by pulling the bars out of concrete. These viiare then uidened uith 12 mm and 14 mm drills. The hole e nds are filled uith a special paste used far injectian repairs ta stop palymer flauıing out. in the hext stage l mm and 2 mm gaps are left betueen the steel bars inserted into these holes and the anchorage holes. These gaps,intended to provide different palymer thicknesses, are filled mith monomer systems, deseribed in the first part. The pull-out tests are then repeated on the steel bars uıhich are athered to concrete as described above. Hence the increase and decrease ratios of adhesion strengths are determined for steel bars, the adhesions of uhich uere ascertained previously. in this part, the effects of monomer systems and polymer systems on adhesion are investigated. The results obtained in the experiments are presented together and interpreted as to verify each other..EP1, EP3 and EP4 systems shou that the moisture content of the adhered surfaces do not influence the results. Dn these samples failure occurred in concrete. On EP2, houever, the moist concrete affects adhesion adversely to a certain extent. And the bending strength only reached 86% of the initial strength. lılhen EP1 and EP2 are compared, this reduction may be attributed to the aggregate content of the EP2 system. Dn the repairs uith l mm thick MFIA1 it is observed that concretes mith 1% moisture content display a ueaker adhesion than those uith 5 % moisturc content. The k tested epoxy systems uere not affected by thickness and proved to be adeguate upto 50 C. Houever on the EP1 system, tested at the same temperature 5 mm thickness is observed to influence adhesion adversely to a certain extent. On these samples, tdhere failure occurred due to the polymer, the bending strength is found to be only to 70 % of the initial strength. At 80 C test temperature a fail is observed on the adhesion strengths of epoxy and MMA systems. This fail is caused by the repair thickness. Despite this fact, a satisfactory result is obtained uith the EP3 system having a thickness less than l mm at this temperature. LJhen the bending strengths of 5 mm thick epoxy systems at 80 C are compared, it uas observed that the strength of EP2 increased 1.7 times more than that of EP1 and the strength of EP4 decreased by 21 % relative to EP3. Therefore this change proves that the aggregate present in EP2 and EP4 systems diversely affects adhesion at high temperatures and that the effect varies according to type of the monomer system..On the MMA systems adequate results are obtained far ali repair thicknesses at -2D°C. At 2D°C the bending strength of 5 mm tnick MMA system is reduced by 50 % due to the adverse effect of thicknsss. LJhen MMA1 and MMA2 are compared, it becames evident that this effect may be alleviated by the use of aggregate. At 5QDC only 40-60 % af the initial bending streugths is generally achieved on the MMA1 system. At this temperature the MMA2 system displayed a much stronger adhesion than MMA1 of the same thickness. At 80 C similar results uıere abtained far the MMA1 and MMA2 systems..The bending strength of concrete beams repaired uıith epoxy and MMA systems is reduced by 15-26 % in 2.5 % cancentration of hydracnloric acid and 22-33 % in 5 % cancentration. Hotoever hydrochloric asid is found not ta influence the adhesion characteristics of epoxy and MMA systems. Failures are observed to accur generally in the concrete. On the 5 mm thick MMA1 system, uhich failed in the repaired region, similar results to that of the control samples are obtained far both concentration values. Therefore uıe may conclude that the adhesion strength of the MMA1 system is unaffected by hydrochloric acid for the tested concentrations..Sodium hydroxide does not affect the adhesion characteristics of epoxy systems. Hauıever a fail is observed in the bending strength of concrete beams due to the effect of this substance. The reduction ratios are found to be 22-28 % in 5 % concentration and 36-55 % in 10 % concentration. The bending strength of beams, submerged in 5 % concentration of sodium hydroxide and repaired uith the MMA1 system, tends to decrease as the repair thickness increases. The reduction ratios of bending strengths (relative to the control samples) of these beams failing in the repaired region remains betueen 44-52 %. Hence 5 % concentration of sodium hydroxide may be regarded as influencing the adhesion strength of the MMA1 system. Hotuever on the MMA1 system luith thicknesses of l mm and tess than l mm similar reults uere abtained for both cancentration values. At 10 % cancentration failure occurrs in concrete. This result suggests that damage due ta the increase of concentration in the MMA1 system is much less than that concrete..Distilled uater appears not to affect the adhesion characteristics of epoxy syst'ems. Failure of these samples is observed to accur in concrete. Houever a reduction of 10-18 % takes place in the ratio of bending strength of concrete beams caused by the effect of distilled uater. On the MMA1 systems, uıhere strengths ixgenerally reach D.3B-D.75 times the original strength, failures are observed to occur in the middle region. A reduction of 15-35 % relative to the control samples ta kes place in the adhesion strengths. This fact proves that the adhesion characteristics of MMA systems are in fluenced by distilled water..Repeated freeze and thaw cycles appear not to affect the adhesion characteristics of epoxy and MMA systems. However a 6-16 % loss of bending strength is incurred in concrete beams at the end of this test..Similar results are obtained for both thicknesses of 1 mm and less than 1 mm on the MMA system. However a A-0% loss of bending strength is incurred on the 5 mm thick MMA1 system due to ist thickness. When MMA1 and MMA2 are compared the cause of this loss can be explained by the fact that MMA1 does not contain any aggregate..The adhesion strength of steel reinforcement bars, which are adhered to concrete using epoxy system, is found to have approximately doubled. However on the EP4 system a ID % loss of adhesion strength is incurred due to the present aggregate adversely affecting the adhesion. On the EP1 and EP3 systems the polymer thickness appears not to influence the results..On the MMA systems the strengths generally reached only G.7-1.D times the original strength. On the MMA1 system similar results are obtained for both thicknesses. In this case the adhesion strength is reduced by 30 % which is unaffected by the polymer thickness. 2 mm thick MMA1 displays a slightly weaker adhesion than MMA1 of the same thickness. The cause of this weakness may be the lack of aggregates in MMA1..The epoxy systems which are tested in this research showed generally not only good adhesion properties to steel and concrete but They are also resistant to exter nal influences. On the contrary it is observed that the beams which are adhered with MMA systems have till to 60% loss resistance. By these systems the adhesion ofstell reinforcement bars adhered to the hardened concrete is about 30% reduced. The effects of the hardener ratios and the cure temperature to the adhesion properties of MMA systems have to be systematically examined. XI

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