Development and characterization of functional poly(lactic acid) composites for packaging applications
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 400312
- Danışmanlar: PROF. SUSAN SELKE
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Polimer Bilim ve Teknolojisi, Polymer Science and Technology
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2010
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Michigan State University
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 243
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
In this research several efforts have been directed to develop bio-based polymer materials with high performance and/or functionality and extend their applications to new packaging areas. The focus of the research is to investigate the interactions between mesoporous three- dimensional (3D) framework structures, zeolites, and aluminum oxide coating layers with bio-based poly(lactic acid)(PLA) polymer. It has been demonstrated that zeolites and thin aluminum oxide coating layers due to their unique features have great potential as functional fillers/materials for the PLA matrix that can be used not only in packaging but also in a plethora of applications. The initial part of this research provides an understanding about the fabrication method of PLA/zeolite composites and their effects on the existing properties of PLA. The second part focuses on aluminum oxide barrier layers grown with atomic layer deposition (ALD) and sol-gel techniques to form functional PLA composites. It was found that PLA/synthetic zeolites, type 4A, and PLA/natural zeolites, chabazite, can be successfully fabricated using extrusion followed by injection molding. The morphological studies showed a homogenous dispersion of zeolite type 4A in the PLA matrix. As stress propagated through the composites, zeolite particles remained embedded into the matrix, indicating the existence of good interfacial adhesion between the zeolite particles and the PLA matrix. Incorporation of both type 4A zeolite and chabazite into PLA had significant effects on the cold crystallization and percent crystallinity of PLA. Both Type 4A and chabazite zeolite particles drasticallyaccelerate the hydrolytic degradation of the PLA via surface hydrolysis. The apparent activation energies of thermal degradation of PLA and PLA/zeolite composites estimated using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger models were found to increase in the order PLA/ type 4A < PLA/chabazite < PLA, facilitating the feedstock recyclability of PLA.In addition, ultrathin aluminum oxide (AlOx) coatings were successfully deposited on PLA surfaces using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique at 42°C. The thickness of the coating was found to be 32 nm. The AFM results obtained from small scanning areas (10 x 10 ?m2) revealed that the surface appeared to be as smooth as neat PLA. The newly developed films exhibited remarkable improvement in gas barrier properties and good transparency. A stable aluminum oxide colloidal solution was also prepared through a sol-gel process. PLA pellets were coated with the aluminum oxide sol-gel solution using a dip-coating technique. The deposition of aluminum oxide on the PLA pellets was confirmed by FTIR and SEM-EDS. The atomic ratio of Al/O obtained was found to be 0.51±0.02. The aluminum oxide coated PLA pellets, particles obtained from the sol-gel solution, and calcinated aluminum oxide (?-Al2O3) were also used to form PLA/AlOx composites through extrusion and injection molding processes. SEM studies of PLA/AlOx composites showed that AlOx particles were dispersed in the PLA matrix uniformly using melt compounding. It was found that AlOx particles used at low loading level, i.e., 3 wt%, did not alter the melting temperature of PLA; however, the shape and intensity of the melting endotherms were significantly changed, suggesting bimodal melting behavior. The results obtained from UV-visible transmission spectra also suggested that PLA/AlOx composites may act as a better UV barrier than neat PLA.
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