Fragmentation of coal and improved dispersion of liquefaction catalysts using ionic liquids
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 401903
- Danışmanlar: DR. JONATHAN P. MATHEWS, DR. PAUL C. PAINTER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Enerji, Maden Mühendisliği ve Madencilik, Energy, Mining Engineering and Mining
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2011
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: The Pennsylvanıa State Unıversıty
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
Coal has been utilized for coal-to-liquid fuels and coal-to-chemical industries both historically in South Africa and recently in China. Abundant bituminous and low-rank coal reserves in the US make them potential sources of an alternative to the oil derived petrochemical industry. Consequently, it is desirable to evaluate new processes for conversion of solid coal-to-clean liquid fuels. One such approach may utilize ionic liquids, a relatively new addition to industrial processing. Ionic liquids can engage in a wide range of intermolecular interactions with coal that may result in alternative approaches to fragment, disperse, and dissolve coal. They have negligible vapor pressure, are non-flammable, and would be easier to handle than traditional solvent approaches. The goal of this work was to explore the ability of certain ionic liquids (ILs) to fragment, disperse and partially dissolve coals in order to allow a better contact with micron size catalyst particles prior to direct coal liquefaction. Attention was focused primarily on the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [bmim][Cl] and the coals studied were Illinois No.6 bituminous coal and Power River Basin subbituminous coal. Coal was mixed with ILs in a ratio of 10% by weight at 100 ºC in an oil bath without agitation. Fragmentation was evaluated by optical microscopy.It was found that the IL [bmim][Cl] fragmented and dispersed Illinois No. 6 coal to a remarkable extent. Optical microscopy demonstrated that the -100 mesh particles were reduced in size to <10 microns. Other solvents are also known to fragment coal but none are capable of such a large particle size reduction. PRB subbituminous coal tested also fragmented extensively, but to a lesser degree than Illinois No. 6 coal. Fragmentation was probably a result of ability of ILs to fragment, dissolve and disrupt intermolecular interactions in these coals. Such dispersion is likely beneficial for liquefaction where coal and catalyst interactions are important for both yield and quality. The ability of [bmim][Cl] to fragment the coal was then used to obtain good contact with commercially obtained 2 μm MoS2 catalyst. Single-staged liquefaction was performed at 425 (or 400) °C for 30 min. and tetralin was used as hydrogen-donor solvent. As a result of close contact, a subsequent liquefaction under standard conditions resulted in a product that was almost completely soluble (99%, dmmf) in pyridine. The yields of soluble material obtained for two subbituminous coals were less, but were comparable to those obtained in work reported in the literature that used soluble catalyst precursors. Surprisingly, in some experiments, oil yields were very high (50%). The oils are most desirable products in liquefaction. Thus use of ILs can improve the yield and or the quality of liquefaction products. Also it was shown that IL recovery is possible and it was concluded that this approach should be explored as a direct coal liquefaction method.
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