Toplu taşıma sistemlerinin karşılaştırılması ve İstanbul örneği
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 46203
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. GÜVEN ÖZTAŞ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: İnşaat Mühendisliği, Civil Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1995
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 109
Özet
ÖZET Günümüzde hızlı nüfus artışı ve kentleşme sonucu ortaya çıkan en önemli sorunlardan biri trafik problemleridir. Özellikle düzensiz büyüyen kentlerde, bu sorun hayatı büyük ölçüde aksatmaktadır. Bugün, bütün ulaştırma mühendislerinin ve bu konuyla ilgilenen uzmanların ortak görüşü, trafik problemlerinin esas kaynağının özel otomobiller olduğu yolundadır. Özel araç kullanımını azaltmak için çeşitli uygulamalar yapılmakta ise de, bunun en etkili yolu toplu taşıma sistemlerinin geliştirilerek daha yaygın kullanımını sağlamaktır. Günümüzde kentiçi toplu taşıma sistemlerinde büyük ilerlemeler kaydedilmekte, birim taşıma maliyetlerini düşüren, daha konforlu, düzenli, kaza riski ve çevreye olumsuz etkileri en az olan sistemler geliştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kentiçi toplu taşıma sistemlerinin sınıflandırılması, gelişimi ve karşılaştırılması yer almaktadır. Küçük yerleşim yerlerinde ideal olan lastik tekerlekli sistemler, nüfus artışına paralel olarak yerlerini raylı sistemlere bırakmaktadır. Deniz, nehir veya göl kenarında kurulan yerleşim yerleri için deniz ulaşımı; kapasitesi, enerji tüketim ve çevresel etkilerinden dolayı en çok tercih edilen sistem olmuştur. Günümüzde yeni gelişmekte olan“kentiçinde hava ulaşım sistemlerinin kullanılması”giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında, bugün istanbul'da işletilmekte olan toplu taşıma türleri incelenmiştir. Raylı sistemlerdeki son gelişmeler ile İstanbul trafiğine çözüm yolları aranmakta ise de, bu sistemlerin inşasında çok geç kalınmış olması ve denizyolu sistemlerinin gerektiği verimlilikte kullanılamaması çözümü güçleştirmektedir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde İstanbul'daki toplu taşıma sistemlerinin daha verimli işletilmesi için daha ziyade kısa vadeli bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur. xı
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY COMPARISON OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND AN EXAMPLE ISTANBUL The goal of urban transportation systems sometimes stated as follows: To provide the means for the desired movement of people and goods in a way which does not conflict with other desires and values. For example, one of the desires of urban residents is to live in a neighborhood which provides the social and physical amenities they seek; this often means that they do not live where they work. A means of transporting people between home and job must, therefore, be provided. Packing people into trucks or rail road cars like cattle for this purpose would obviously conflict with another goal of urban residents-being able to function in comfort and with dignity. Defining the goal of urban transportation in these term is unsatisfactory, however, since it limits the role of transportation to the fulfillment of travel desires. Transportation goal should not be put solely in terms of fulfilling travel desires with efficiency, speed, economy or comfort. Transportation should have but one goal - to assist the individuals who make up society in achieving their most basic desires. This study, of which subject is the examination and comparison of transportation systems is prepared mainly from foreign materials, and proclamations presented at congresses and symposiums held in Turkey and the previous studies done on this subject. ît is prepared for people and institutions who are faced with the mass transportation planning problems, to take a reference at any time it is necessary. This paper includes seven sections. xixIn the first section, which is an introductory- section, a general approach is presented. The importance of transportation problem is stressed upon. İn this section, the necessity of mass transportation is also presented. The problem in urban traffic created by private car owners are pointed out and the effects on the community are explained. As a result, this section brings a short and general explanation on the directions of the study. In the second section, classification of transportation systems are made. To classify transportation systems, three characteristics which are right of way categories, technology and type of service are used. Determinant factors of right of way is separation from other traffic as category A, B and C. Determinant factors of technology are support, guidance, propulsion and control. Determinant factors of type of service are line length, type of operation and trips served. In the third section development of transportation systems are explained. From small settlement to large city when population increases, transportation modes change. First step of transportation is walking. Second step is using private motorized cabins, corresponding private automobiles in real world. Third step is using common carrier (rental) cabins, corresponding taxis in real world. Fourth step is widening of the path, which means in real world construction of arterials. Fifth step is introduction of common carrier service, first by medium size vehicles with flexible operations (paratransit }, then by large vehicles with fixed routes and schedules (bus transit). Sixth step is separation of modes, which means in real world transit right of way at category B. Seventh step is guided technology, which means Light Rail Train (LRT). Eighth step is grade separated paths, corresponding freeways in real world. Ninth step is fully controlled common carrier, corresponding rapid transit. The last step is automated common carrier cabins, corresponding automated guided modes: Automated Guided Train (A.GT) and Rapid Rail Train (RRT). xixiThe evolutionary development process shows that with increasing density of travel, each new model feature results in: - Higher system performance, including capacity, speed and service quality. - Greater passenger attraction (consequence of the preceding result). - Higher initial investment. - Lower operating cost per unit capacity-unless a drastically higher quality mode with better performance replaces a functional but obsolete system. In the fourth section, mass transit systems are defined. Paratransit systems, bus systems, light and rapid rail systems, ferry and airlines systems are explained detailly one by one. The reasons and result of using all transportation systems are determined. The advantages and disadvantages of these systems are discussed in addition to their capacity. In the fifth section, some information in detail about the selection among mass transportation systems is given. The important factors and their effects are explained before deciding on implementation of any system in big cities. Some empirical values are given which help the decision-maker in choosing the transportation system or systems according to the population of the city. The fundamental characteristics of transportation systems such as technological, convenience, economic and environmental are explained in detail, and their comparison is made in tables. The technological characteristics like energy consumption, speed and capacity, expanding ability and other characteristics are discussed. The convenience, transfers frequency, reliability, comfort and safety characteristics which are measures for service standards are explained. The main factors, which are mainly economic, in other words investment, operating and total costs effecting system selection decisions, are described. The environmental characteristics (that are pollution, noise, accident rates and adjustibility to the environment) of some transportation systems are discussed an compared in tables. xivIn the sixth section, all transportation systems used in Istanbul are represented. Rubber tired systems, rail systems, naval systems and air systems are being operated in the city. In Istanbul, rubber tired systems has a great ratio to the urban transportation. Today in Istanbul, there are more than 17. 000 taxis. They carry every day 600.000 passengers, this number is 8,2 % of the daily trips made in the city. Because of the absence of classic transportation systems, paratransit is very diffused in Istanbul. Three different paratransit modes are being operated in the city. They are Dolmuş, Minibüs and Midibüs. These paratransit modes carry 1.050.00 passengers every day which is 14,4 % of the daily trips made in the city. Bus systems in Istanbul are being operated by İETT which is a municipality association and private sector. İETT has a fleet of 2.678 and private sector has a fleet of 806 bus. These two association carry every day 2.268.000 passengers, this number is 30,0 % of daily trip made in Istanbul. After 1985, construction of new rail systems have started. Modern Streetcar between Sirkeci-Belpa, Nostalgic Streetcar between Taksim-Tünel and Rapid Streetcar between Aksaray-Esenler, are three rail systems built after 1985. Construction of second part of Rapid Streetcar and Metro have been continuing. These three new rail systems carry ever day more than 185.000 passengers. In Istanbul, there are also, two different suburbs trains and Tünel. One of the suburbs train is being operated in Europe side and the other in Asia side. Operation of suburbs train systems are not efficient. TCDD which is an official association, could not give a sufficient supply to the demand. These two suburbs train systems carry every day 211.000 passengers. Tünel is. an underground rail system built in 1890 between Karaköy-Tünel. İt is very short (550 meters) and not a very important transportation system for the city and it carries only 0,3 % passengers of daily trips. İn Istanbul, three different naval systems are being operated. They are; Ships, Seabus and Motor xvThe evolutionary development process shows that with increasing density of travel, each new model feature results in: - Higher system performance, including capacity, speed and service quality. - Greater passenger attraction (consequence of the preceding result). - Higher initial investment. - Lower operating cost per unit capacity-unless a drastically higher quality mode with better performance replaces a functional but obsolete system. In the fourth section, mass transit systems are defined. Paratransit systems, bus systems, light and rapid rail systems, ferry and airlines systems are explained detailly one by one. The reasons and result of using all transportation systems are determined. The advantages and disadvantages of these systems are discussed in addition to their capacity. In the fifth section, some information in detail about the selection among mass transportation systems is given. The important factors and their effects are explained before deciding on implementation of any system in big cities. Some empirical values are given which help the decision-maker in choosing the transportation system or systems according to the population of the city. The fundamental characteristics of transportation systems such as technological, convenience, economic and environmental are explained in detail, and their comparison is made in tables. The technological characteristics like energy consumption, speed and capacity, expanding ability and other characteristics are discussed. The convenience, transfers frequency, reliability, comfort and safety characteristics which are measures for service standards are explained. The main factors, which are mainly economic, in other words investment, operating and total costs effecting system selection decisions, are described. The environmental characteristics (that are pollution, noise, accident rates and adjustibility to the environment) of some transportation systems are discussed an compared in tables. xivtraffic engineering textbooks and circulate have often failed to introduce and integrate important aspects of analysis and evaluation, such as probability theory, statistics and economics and thus have permitted important gaps to exist in training and practice or have made more difficult the task of learning the essential details of analysis and evaluation. xvxi
Benzer Tezler
- Metro projelerinin yapım ve maliyet açısından karşılaştırılması: İstanbul ve Kocaeli örneği
The comparison of subway projects in terms of construction and cost: Example of istanbul and Kocaeli
MESUT KIRS
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2021
İnşaat Mühendisliğiİstanbul Teknik ÜniversitesiRaylı Sistemler Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
DOÇ. DR. MURAT ERGÜN
- Kentiçi raylı sistemler ve metrobüs işletme maliyeti değerlendirilmesi :İstanbul örneği
Operating cost evaluation of urban railways and brt systems: İstanbul case
BURAK BİROL
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2014
Ulaşımİstanbul Teknik Üniversitesiİnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
DOÇ. DR. MURAT ERGÜN
- Kentiçi toplu taşımada hafif raylı sistem ve otobüs işletme maliyeti değerlendirmesi: Kayseri örneği
Operating cost evaluation of urban light rail system and bus: Kayseri example
İBRAHİM ANBAR
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2024
Ulaşımİstanbul Teknik Üniversitesiİnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. ALİ OSMAN ATAHAN
- İstanbul'da toplu ulaşımın mevcut işletimi ve ulaşım ana planı yolculuk talep modellemesi ile küresel bir örnekle karşılaştırılmalı değerlendirilmesi
The current operation of public transportation in Istanbul and comparative evaluation of transportation master plan with travel demang modeling
BAHRİNUR SAİD ALTAN
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2020
Ulaşımİstinye Üniversitesiİşletme Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı
DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ FATİH KİRAZ
- Monoray ulaşım sisteminin özellikleri ve diğer kentiçi ulaşım araçları ile karşılaştırılması
System properties of monorail and its comparison with common transportation systems
ENFAL ANIL ÇALIŞ
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2016
Ulaşımİstanbul Teknik Üniversitesiİnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. ZÜBEYDE ÖZTÜRK