Hanesbrands renewable energy prioritization
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 516222
- Danışmanlar: Dr. GALE BOYD
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2017
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Duke University
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 106
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
Renewable energy is quickly becoming an integral component of manufacturing energy consumption portfolios internationally. Activewear apparel company HanesBrands, Inc (Hanes) has made a commitment to increase its global renewable energy proportion by 40% compared to 2007 baseline levels by 2020. As of 2015, Hanes has met 24.9% of this goal but has been investigating a variety of novel infrastructural and financial methods to close the gap to 40% with limited renewable energy project investment capital. This report details the findings of the Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment team who engaged with Hanes a year ago to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Hanes' worldwide energy portfolio. Coupling Hanes' primary data provided with academic and industry style literature reviews third-party data, the Duke team developed a diverse strategy composed of multiple recommendations assisting Hanes in attaining their 2020 renewable energy goal. The evaluation was conducted using a sample of 10 Hanes facilities covering a cross section of operational functionality spanning 4 countries with widely varying power markets. While the recommendations derived from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's System Advisor Model (NREL SAM) are legitimized by the synthesis of primary and proxy market data, they are in no way representative of the entirety of Hanes' international energy portfolio and should not be solely considered when executing future energy management decisions. As an extension of this Master's Project, all other sites should be considered equally and calculated against the projects this report recommends. The introduction of this report gives context to Hanes' current renewable energy position: elaborating its progress towards meeting its renewable energy commitments, summarizing its financial statements to determine its ability to invest in renewable energy projects, iterating its pledge to corporate social sustainability practices, and examining its competitors' efforts towards similar renewable energy goals. There is also a literature review of synthetic power purchase agreements (SPPAs) and the sustainability of biomass. Enumerating these variables builds a framework for the later quantitative portion of the report – giving perspective to any assumptions made on extrapolated recommendations. Following is the explanation of the methodologies that describe the implementation of a uniform energy management software tool (EMS) that was used to objectively dissect Hanes' energy profile electricity constituent. There were limitations to approaching the profile this way in not diving deeper into the biofuel portion of the profile, but the impact of that is assessed in the report's discussion section. There are also site analyses that describe the Hanes facilities' power markets, detailing a facility overview, market analysis, tariff analysis and interval data analysis. Using the EMS, the study's results illustrate Hanes' overall electricity consumption patterns and behaviors by disseminating the true cost of electricity from monthly bills and pairing it with annual, 15-minute interval data in the NREL SAM. The approach to this studied both financial and infrastructural measures to attain the same results. The recommendations section magnifies the financially and sustainably lucrative projects, covering SPPAs, solar panel infrastructure, and renewable energy certificates (RECs), that fulfill Hanes' renewable energy quota and weighs the pros and cons associated with certain selections. In following, the team discusses the limitations and assumptions, unexpected results, and further considerations for Hanes to continue investigating as they pursue their 2020 goals. There is no single solution to achieving the 15.1% renewable energy gap in Hanes' renewable energy target. A comprehensive selection of both financial and physical solutions coupled with new, bolstered energy management efforts are required to realize this goal. Due to the time limitation, the relatively instantaneous effect of SPPAs and RECs are more attractive alternatives to replacing the energy portfolio's non-renewable energy component. However, the negatives such as delocalized power market impact, REC double counting, and public perceived greenwashing are attributes associated with these kinds of contracts that should be weighed versus contract term length longevity. Based on the capacity impact on renewable energy percentages, available land for construction, and required time for construction, solar panels alone cannot make up the difference in the 2020 renewable energy goal. While in this report they are more sustainable and financially appealing, the required non-renewable energy replacement difference over time is operationally unviable. To fully realize their renewable energy 2020 vision, implementing these recommendations and executing a study to replace liquid fossil fuels, a majority composition of the energy portfolio, is the strategy endorsed by this report.