The pressures for and the limits to pension reform in Greece and Turkey
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 711855
- Danışmanlar: PROF. PETER-TAYLOR GOOBY, DR. MARGARİTA LEON
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2010
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: The Unıversıty Of Kent
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Sosyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
The reform and restructuring of different spheres of welfare states and systems is often politically contested. Public pension schemes account for a large part of social spending and constitute a significant element in restructuring. While some countries have made systemic or paradigmatic changes in their pension schemes, in other cases reforms have been limited to non-systemic or parametric changes. The process of reform and the substantive outcomes have been influenced by both external structural constraints and by domestic societal groups using diverse formal and informal mechanisms. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the role and influence of social and political actors within the process of welfare state reform. The underlying hypothesis identifies consensual policy process and the involvement of social actors as critical to the effectiveness and success of policy reforms. This study attempts to explore this hypothesis with respect to the pension reform experience of Greece and Turkey. There are substantial differences between the two countries in socio-economic development and political structures. There are also similarities in the general characteristics of their pension systems, the problems these give rise to, the reforms that have been pursued, and the factors that constrain the reform process and the outcome of the reforms. Furthermore, although in both Greek and Turkish reforms, the measures have been limited to parametric changes, both reforms move in the direction of individualisation of pension rights and obligations since they weaken the principle of inter and intra-generational solidarity. In both countries, organised societal groups including trade unions and business organisations have been part of the pension reform process through social pact and partnership mechanisms. However, the reform measures were implemented without a substantial contribution from, and even despite the opposition of, social partners, especially trade unions. The social partners had little impact on the outcome of the process. Rather than leading to a rejection of the above hypothesis, this led us to address the importance of the qualitative nature of social pact mechanisms and to suggest that the limited policy influence of societal groups is explained by the asymmetric relationships between state, organised labour and business groups. This study draws on three theoretical approaches in examining this argument: power resources, new institutionalism, and the Marxist class-based theory. It is based on semi-structured interviews with the relevant social and political actors in Greece and Turkey such as representatives of trade unions and business organisations, and also bureaucrats. The study highlights the role of the international financial institutions including the IMF, WB and EU as well as the role of domestic actors in the pension reform process in the two countries.
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