1980 sonrası Türkiye mimarlığında söylem
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75598
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. BELKIS ULUOĞLU
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Bina Bilgisi Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 88
Özet
ÖZET Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1980 sonrası Türk Mimarlığı'nda mesleki uygulama alanında ürün veren kimi mimarların düşünsel alandaki çalışmalarını inceleyerek, mimari söylemlerini evrensellik ve yerellik bağlamında tartışmaktır. Bu yöntemle, söz konusu mimarların söylemlerini oluşturan kavramların hangilerinin Türkiye'ye özgü, hangilerinin tüm dünyada kullanılmakta olan kavramlar olduğu belirlenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Böylece, söylem konusunda 1980 sonrasına dönük değerlendirmeler bu bağlamda yapılmaktadır. 1. Bölüm 'giriş bölümü' olup, bu bölümde konunun genel bir tanıtımı yapılmaktadır. 2. Bölüm' de söylem ve mimari söylem kavramlarının tanımlarına yer verilmektedir. Söylemin gerekliliğinin irdelenmesi ve Türkiye Mimarlığı'nda evrensellik-yerellik tartışmaları çerçevesinde söylem konusu da bu bölümün kapsamındadır. 3. Bölüm'de bir sonraki bölümde incelenecek olan örnekler ile ilgili sınırlar ve çalışmanın yöntemi ortaya konulmaktadır. 4. Bölüm'de 1980 sonrası Türk Mimarlığı'nda ürün veren ve daha önceki bölümde açıklanmış sınırlar çerçevesinde belirlenen mimarların söylemlerini oluşturan ana kavramlar yerellik-evrensellik bağlanımda incelenecektir. 5. Bölüm'de 1980 sonrası Türk Mimarlığı'nda söylem ile ilgili saptamalar ortaya konulmakta ve çalışmanın sonuçları değerlendirilmektedir. vii
Özet (Çeviri)
ARCHITECTURAL DISCOURSE IN CONTEMPORARY TURKISH ARCHITECTURE SUMMARY In this thesis, main concepts which constitute the discourse in Contemporary Turkish Architecture are investigated within the context of universality and regionalism. Turkish Architecture has been influenced by national and international architectural styles since the beginning of 1900s. As the other developing countries, it questions the place of itself in these changes. In the societies of those countries which have the goal of 'Modernization' -as it is almost the synonym of 'Westernization'- there is an 'identity' problem raised in the last century. In The First and Second National Architectural Periods, reactions to western models occurred. After that, arguments on the regionalism opposing to the universal architecture progressed in the effect of pluralistic architectural thoughts which spread in the world. In other words, it could be said that the two extremes between which Turkish architecture has shifted since the beginning of the 2001 Century are universality and regionalism. Regionalism explains architecture in connection with the art of regional anonymous building made according to the requirements of present conditions. Universality is a point of view which doesn't have any authority except for the universal one. At first sight, the concepts of universality and regionalism may be related to modern and post modern styles. In just the same way, the Post-modern architecture has started to emphasize the 'regional' in opposition to the modernist universality. In this thesis, the concepts of universality and regionalism are not examined with regard to viiimodern and post-modern concepts they call to mind. Universal concepts are those which are used all over the world. As for the regional concepts, they are considered as those exclusive to Turkey in the discourses of some architects who are under consideration. The main concepts that constitute the discourses of those architects are discussed over the exclusiveness, and, hence, the production of discourse in today's Turkish Architecture is aimed at by means of current discourses. At this point, it is relevant to explain 'discourse' and 'architectural discourse' concepts. The meaning of discourse in dictionary is the written or spoken expression of a thought; the whole serious conversations and writings regarding a theory and/or a doctrine. It is the whole organized signs which stand for defining and/or performing an object in all means. The discourse, in linguistics, is the achievement of the language as written or spoken and means all the common linguistic rules demanded by a society in a certain period of time. The discourse, in philosophy, is the thought that forms itself step by step within the progress of language by the help of thinking. Architectural discourse is the explanation of the system through leading the architect for his behaviour and works. It is the whole values and perspectives which are composed of the speeches, writings, drawings and buildings of the architect, bearing both theoretical and practical means. It is by no means discussible that“building”is not the only goal in architecture. Criticizing a building, searching for the philosophical dimensions of architecture, writing about architecture are as important as the building itself. It is quite essential to agree that architectural texts are also“cultural products of architecture just like the buildings”. The cultural products of architecture, as well as the buildings and the architectural texts, form the“accumulation of architecture”. For this accumulation to progress, the presence of the architectural texts can not be ignored. That's the reason why criticizing and discussing are required. All the creative fields depend on the theories, claims and the personal perspectives of the creators. This is at least required for the individual's settling accounts with IXhimself, progress, and ethics. Under these circumstances, practice without a theory can not be thought. Every architect has certain sources to use while setting up his discourse. These sources differ in the architect's education, life experience, field of interest and so on. All these sources are quite important factors that must be taken into consideration in the formation of the architect's discourse. Although the discourses are sustained from different sources, they are considered in some generalizations. In this work, generalizations are held in relation with the concepts of universality and regionalism. Almost all the Turkish architects taken into account in this research, producing in the field of professional application in today's Turkey and influencing the agenda with their discourses and practises, have studied under the influence of modernism. It is not wrong to say that the pluralistic and diversity atmosphere of the turning-point Turkish architecture reached since 1980 has influenced the works of the architects being discussed and led to changes. In addition to that, it may be said that a new era has begun as a result of the efforts of creating free and democratic atmosphere after the military coup in 1980 and the following formation of the civil government. General policy of the new government's standing on the liberal economic system resulted in many changes in the architectural area. The usage of imported materials, the opportunity to follow the publications and developments all over the world are some examples of these changes. All these changes have brought about an atmosphere of diversity. The architects influenced by the changes being discussed endeavour to legitimate themselves with the help of their activities and speeches. For this purpose, architects frequently use the references of universal concepts and tradition. After studying the main concepts forming the discourses of the architects in consideration, it is concluded that most of these concepts bear regional state. The ideas of Tuncay Çavdar's in his 'the way of seeing prior to East, being like miniature', Merih Karaaslan's in his 'modern interpretation of Anatolia', Haydar Karabey's in his 'reminding of the continuous history', Han Tümertekin's in his 'reinterpretation of the traditional' are the concepts in the state of regional. If the main concepts forming thediscourses of the architects being discussed are examined with regard to universality- regionalism, we can conclude in the following ways: Turgut Cansever settled his architectural discourse on Islamic mysticism and explains the main ideas forming his discourse referring to the concepts of this philosophy. It may be said that his architectural discourse and its structural formation are in perfect harmony.“The discourses that provide for reflecting the influences of intellectual searches and atmosphere are the realities produced and discussed less. Probably, the only person who improves a discourse in this meaning is Turgut Cansever”says Atilla Yücel and emphasizes Cansever' s place and role in Turkish architecture. Tuncay Çavdar' s 'way of seeing prior to East: being like miniature' concepts contain Eastern regional state. But in many circumstances, Çavdar appears to have“a Western Morphology”. Although Mehmet Konuralp adopts the stand point of“contemporary interpretation of the tradition”as his own for the project of Sagra House he achieved, he explains his other projects in relation to universal concepts. The attributions to the Western Architecture cause contradictions with the architectural discourse in Merih Karaaslan's architecture. His usage of the items related to every period of Anatolia in an eclectic approach confirms the critics of 'the regionalism conceptually reduced into the image power of the styles' being turned towards him. Haydar Karabey may be said to support the ideas of regionalism and universality depending on the project planned due to the area. He uses the idea of 'reminding the history' concerning regionalism for his projects achieved in Southern parts of Turkey, and the idea of universality for his projects achieved in metropolis like Istanbul. Nevzat Sayın, one of the new generation architects in Turkish Architecture explains his Shell Directorship Building as inspirations from Seljuk Architecture. xiHan Tümertekin explains his Ç House project in Bodrum with the concept of 'reinterpration of the traditional'. At this point, it may not be wrong to clarify that Contemporary Turkish Architecture still has a dilemma between 'regional' and 'universal'. Although the structural formation of discourse has similarities with Western examples, the defence of discourse is explained by terms of regionalism. This may be the result of 'identity' problem like in other developing countries. Haydar Karabey explains this situation as 'the dilemma of periphery against center'. The evaluations in this thesis confirm the dilemma between regionalism and universality in Contemporary Turkish Architecture. However, this dilemma no longer has a social base, nor it does constitute the opposite of two poles. Regionalism and universality are linked together and run parallel on a personal basis, the diversity and freedom of the period allows the two concepts take place together in a discourse. xii
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