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Sigorta şirketlerinde organizasyon ve organizasyonel anlamda sektörel gelişmeler ile örnek araştırma

Organization in insurance companies and organizational developments in the sector, first model research

  1. Tez No: 97058
  2. Yazar: BETÜL UĞURTAN
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. ÖMÜR BABAOĞLU
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Bankacılık, Sigortacılık, İşletme, Banking, Insurance, Business Administration
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 2000
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: Marmara Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Bankacılık ve Sigortacılık Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Sigortacılık Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 116

Özet

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Özet (Çeviri)

SUMMARY 4 < iSECTION I: INSURANCE, DEFINITION AND FEATURES OF INSURANCE, OPERATION OF INSURANCE 1.1 WHAT IS INSURANCE? Insurance is for removing the damages one has been into, by using the material build up which was formed by the people having the risk of getting into the same damage. Insurance is a protocol that obliges insurer to compensate the loss, which can arise from fire, accident, death or similar natural disasters, of the insured. In general, it can be defined as taking necessary precautions for possible dangers before they become true. 1.1.2 SUBJECT OF THE INSURANCE Risk, is the second dimension of danger which has a high likelihood of becoming true. Since there is danger there is risk, too. Life of human beings is full of dangers. The word 'danger' expresses a possible and absolute event, which has the probability to happen as involuntary and undesired. But risk is inadvisable indefiniteness of the possibility of becoming true of an ünctesiredevent. In the terminology of insurance, it expresses the indefiniteness of the material loss and damage. Coming together of individuals against the same kinds of risks and to prevent the economic collapses, which they cannot endure by themselves, by spreading it through majority is the foundation of insurance activity. Insurance Company organises and maintains this solidarity. 1.1.3 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INSURANCE We can divide the basic principles of insurance into 6 main title: 1 ) Absolute well-intention principle 2) Insurable interest principle 3) The presence of risk principle 4) Close reason principle 5) Compensation principle 6) Withdrawal 1.1.4 ELEMENTS OF INSURANCE We in fact can increase the elements of insurance, but we will take 5 main elements in general. These are: 1 Risk * *«WSfc. ft «I2. Risk can be insurable 3. Big numbers law 4. Risk is clear and can be estimated 5. Risk can be measured 1.1.5 TYPES OF INSURANCE Insurance is divided into“Social Insurance”and“Private Insurance”. Social Insurance is an obliged type of insurance arranged by law to protect and to maintain the future and the safety of some groups of the public. Private Insurance is a protocol, individuals sign by their own will to protect their personal interests against various dangers. In Turkey insurance companies operate in compliance with the Private Insurance Law. Private sector is built on the thought of 'self-help'. 1.1.6 THE PARTIES When taken as 'selling', three parties become clear in insurance process. BUYERS (Insured) SELLERS (Insurers) MEDIATORS OF INSURANCE 7*.. S a ^“j-tj-1.2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INSURANCE 1.2.1 DEVELOPMENT OF INSURANCE THOUGHOUT THE WORLD We can divide the historical development of insurance into two. First is the activities took place during Old Age and Middle Age, the other, which expresses the real insurance, begins with the arranging of the first bill of exchange.General development of insurance commenced at 14th century. This period can be outlined under 4 main titles. a) I4th-i7th centuries: First Bill of Exchange is prepared at 1347. It is arranged by Genoeses and it was marine insurance. b) 18th -19th centuries: First companies emerged at 18th century. Big companies, particularly the ones handling with colony trade developed the first insurance structure. First common capital marine insurance company was established at 1765 in Hamburg, Berlin. Private insurance sector began to develop at 19th century. c) From 19th century to today: International companies began to emerge during this period. Private Insurance Sector lived his highest age during the establishment of these firms. d) The emerging of scientific and mathematical theories: During this period actual enterprises particularly for life insurance took place andresearches about the rules commenced to give results and these results were carried through practice. 1.2.2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSURANCE IN TURKEY During the first decades of the republic, our marine and land trade laws were arranged by taking West countries' relevant laws as example, and also a Particular law was put into force about the inspection and investigation of insurance companies. On 1925 Anatolian Joint Stock Insurance Company was established, and on 1929 National Reinsurance T.A.Ş. was established.Today 59 insurance companies are operating within the sector. 39 of these are operating in the branches of elemental and making up the biggest part of the premium production of sector. 1.3. GENERAL ORGANIZATION ORDER WITHIN INSURANCE INTELLIGENCE Establishments in general, by collecting production factors in an organised structure, aims to have the highest profit level with the lowest expenses. In our country insurance companies, by taking their general structure into consideration, can be classified into two groups. SocialInsurance forms the first group, and it protects the lives and properties of people of the country against every kind of danger, in the favor of public. Second group is formed of Private and Commercial Insurance Companies, which besides the understanding of serving, financially works with fund management and Capital Market Management. SECTION II: ORGANIZATION STRUCTURES IN INSURANCE ESTABLISHMENTS 2.1 WHAT IS ORGANIZATION? The term 'organisation' expresses the structure of the establishment or foundation, so it has a basic quality. Organisation is arranging various section which will work with other sections in harmony and which serves for the purpose of maintaining the functioning of the structure. 2.2. ORGANIZATION PROCESS Establishing the activities to be performed, grouping these activities by sort, employing qualified people who will be charged for these activities in total can be expressed as organisation process.2.3. ORGANIZATION APPROACHS As taken scientifically, it is divided into three groups: These are classical approach, neo-classical approach, and contemporary approach. 2.3.1 CLASSICAL APPROACH: Since this is the first organisation theory, it is named as classic. This period lasted from 19th century to the 2nd World War. (40) Classical approach can be examined in three main groups as Frederick W. TAYLOR'S SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT approach, Henri FAYOL's MANAGEMENT THEORY and Max WEBER's BUREAUCRACY MODEL. 2.3.2 NEO-CLASSICAL APPROACH: (HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS APPROACH) Human relationships approach emerged on 1930's and continued to develop despite the 2nd World War and reached its high level on 1950's. On 1960's it turned to be the philosophy trend ”industrial or organised humanism“ and maintained its development as ”organised behaviour“ or ”modern behavioural approach in management“ in modern management. 2.3.3 CONTEMPORARY APPROACH: It is built on system approach and situation. Approach. While the system takes the organisation as a whole formed of components interacting with each other, situation rathet 'than a Idefinite structure, advises structures and behaviours suitable for the situation they are in. 2.4 SECTIONING IN ORGANIZATION We'll be examining the methods of sectioning in organisation in the forthcoming chapters. But there is one point which I think it will be apt to state, that some arrangements were provided for the organisation structures of insurance companies. About subjects except this, insurance companies are subject to general provisions. 2.4.1 SECTIONING PRINCIPLES IN ORGANIZATIONS There are lots of principles determined about sectioning in organisations. These are in brief like below: 1. The principle of taking advantage of cooperation. 2. The principle of easing the control 3. The principle of similarities of activities 4. The principle of close relationship of activities 5. The principle of separating the performing and investigation 6. The principle of assigning high position to an important duty 7. The principle of putting in a schedule about time8. The principle of complying with the political purpose 9. The principle of taking the present staff and conditions of the establishment into consideration 1 0. The principle of taking great care about being economic 1 1. The principle of linking an activity to a section which takes the advantage of this activity the most. 12. The principle of separating the sections that investigates each other. 13. The principle of easing the leadership 2.4.2 METHODS OF SECTIONING IN ORGANIZATIONS While arranging an organisation it is very important to divide the jobs into groups. Grouping the job aims to build job heaps that separate the authorities and responsibilities from each other. The heaps do not aim to make an esthetical view, contrary to this; it aims to reach his purposes sufficiently with this structure. But there are some elements that build the structure of the organisation. These are: 1. Purpose ^ ^ 2. Cooperation and specialising degree |3. Control field and level number 4. Centering degree 5. The size of the establishments 6. The obligation to obey the technical improvements 7. Sectioning There are eight ways of sectioning in organisation structure. Now let's examine these: 2.4.2.1 SECTIONING WITH RESPECT TO THE FUNCTIONS Sectioning regarding the function means grouping the insurance activities with respect to the operation of the establishment. Grouping the similar activities that form the organisation depends on the basic processes like production, finance, and marketing, also it is plausible and used for many times and makes occupational cooperation possible.Today this is the most widespread method used in insurance companies. 2.4.2.2. SECTIONING WITH RESPECT TO REGIONS Sectioning with respect to regions means takin'g Insurance services to various geographic regions. 4 - ',\ \v 102.4.2.3 SECTIONING WITH RESPECT TO CUSTOMERS The organisation structure that takes the customer as centre and operates all components according to this centre. This type of sectioning is commonly seen in selling centered sectors. 2.4.2.4 SECTIONING WITH RESPECT TO PROCESS OR MACHINERY Sectioning with respect to the process is necessary. Organisation structure is built according to the production main groups. Particularly it may be apt to collect the components in same department, which use the same technology. 2.4.2.5 SECTIONING WITH RESPECT TO SERVICES OR GOODS MANUFACTURED Sectioning with respect to products depends on the service and/or products. In this case the manager must have very good control over the activities about the product. 2.4.2.6 SECTIONING WITH RESPECT TO TIME 11Shift method is available. If an establishment operates over 24 hours, such an organisation is preferred. It is an organisation that requires continuous operation. 2.4.2.7 SECTIONING WITH RESPECT TO THE NUMBERS In the establishments, whose success depends on the human power, certain number of people form this section. It is commonly used in army management and agriculture establishments. 2.4.2.8 MATRIX TYPE OF ORGANIZATIONS Matrix type of organisations can both be built as temporarily or permanently. It requires horizontal and diagonal relationships between sections; consequently it is built on multiple order-command between subordinates and superiors. 2.4.3 ORGANIZATION WITH RESPECT TO TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS There are four types of structural relationships rising from the bureaucracy. And the organisation structures of these relationships are below: 1. Command relationship (vertical or command-line organisation}., 2. Functional relationship system (functional organisation), \k ? -* -Hi1 s r 123. Staff (consultant) relationship (line and staff organisation) 4. Committee type relationship system (committee organisation) SECTION III: SAMPLE RESEARCH 3.1 INTRODUCTION Theoretical explanations about insurance and organisations were presented in the previous sections. General information about insurance and criteria about sectioning the organisation were provided for the ones who are interested the subject for the first time. Actual purpose is explaining how to reach sufficient selling organisations in companies that sell service, as a consequence of this I want to give an up-to-date example about organisation structures. AXA OYAK Sigorta A.Ş. is the biggest company of the sector in producing premium, and also is the first company to adopt a different organisation structure and been successful in that, too. This company aims to provide beneficial working conditions for both company and the customers by sectioning the organisation with respect to products. The evidence of the success of the operation is obvious since AXA Oyak Sigorta closed the year 1999 as the number one of the sector. Organisation structures of other companies were also investigated during the research. A question form was standardised and by 13aiming poll study it was given to 25 insurance company staff. 1 3 of these companies sent their replies. The questions forming the poll are carefully prepared for the purposes of understanding the organisation structure, customer relationships and particularly marketing departments. 3.2 GENERAL ASSESSMENT In the beginning of the study theoretical information was provided about insurance and organisation, nevertheless it was also plausible to prepare a poll about the organisation structures of the companies in sector. By this way it became easier to obtain information from the companies that are close outside. Only 13 of them replied. I, herein appreciate their efforts to help me. Below are the results of the poll:. Premium production growth depends on the number of the staff. The company that has the biggest staff number is also on the top of the premium production list and this confirms the speculation. H 14. Organisation structures are not very old and also are open to improvement. Companies tend to do what will be advantageous for them. But this process may not be as fast as desired.. In general as hierarchically there are 3 vice president and also there are various intermediate positions. Subordinate-superior relationship is fast and easy.. Selling process and unconditional customer pleasure are more esteemed than technical departments, and the companies, which take these points seriously, are becoming more successful than the others who do not are.. The companies, which consider their marketing channels important, become more successful, and particularly the ones that build effective agency- marketing network, take place on higher levels.. All companies appreciate the importance of being locally widespread; hence we can say that companies in the sector are far away from being centralist. In addition in the insurance sector, the companies who take marketing-unconditional customer pleasure seriously are becoming more effective, successful and competent. 11 i, 1^*1 l\ ”^ ^ V,'*' ",*' IX 15APPENDIX: 1- POLL QUESTIONS 1) What is the name of the company and with what business is it dealing with? 2) What is the title of the company? (joint-stock, collective etc.) 3) What is the size of the company? (staff, premium production) 4) What is the position of the company in year 1999 list regarding premium production? 5) Does the company have an organisation diagram? If so could we receive it? 6) How long has your organisation been using this structure? 7) Is there a written document showing the division of responsibilities, if so could we receive it? 8) Could you explain the hierarchical structure of the company? What is the number of hierarchical degrees? a) 1-3 b) 3-5 c) 6-8 d) more than 8 9) The distribution and responsibilities of superiors (the number of the vice presidents and their responsibilities) 10) What is the importance of marketing channels in your organisation structure?, 1610) Does active marketing take place? What is the place and position of active marketing in organisation? 11) What is the place and position of agencies in organisation? 12) What is the position of passive departments in organisation? (Accountancy, management etc.) 13) How are the underwriting processes performed? (technical operations) 14) What is the position of underwriting processes in organisation? 15) If we evaluate the establishment with respect to coordination, what is the degree of conformity between sections? Good, middle, bad 16) How would you describe the organisation with respect to the types of relationships? 1 7) Does your company aim to serve different customer groups? If so please explain the groups? What is the position of these in organisation? 18) Does your company provide unconditional customer? Is there a special unit for this? If so what is the name of it? 19) Do you think current organisation is enough for your company to take it to a higher position in the sector, is it possible to improve it? â 17

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