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Tokat bağbaşı (ibibse) köyü mimari koruma projesi

The architectural conservation project of tokat bağbaşi (ibibse) village

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  1. Tez No: 973173
  2. Yazar: ERVA KÖŞKER AVCI
  3. Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. ZEYNEP ERES ÖZDOĞAN
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 2025
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Restorasyon Bilim Dalı
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.

Özet

Bağbaşı (İbibse) Köyü, Tokat ili Merkez ilçesine bağlı kırsal bir yerleşimdir. Köyün eski adı kaynaklarda“İbibse”ya da“İlbis”olarak geçmektedir. Köy halkı arasında halen“İbibse”adı kullanılmaktadır. Cumhuriyet döneminde köy adlarının türkçeleştirilmesi ile birlikte, bağ ve bahçenin çok olması sebebiyle Bağbaşı adını almıştır. Tokat il merkezine 20 km uzaklıktadır. Yeşilırmak Nehri'ni besleyen iki dere yatağının ortasında kalan alanda konumlanmaktadır ve köyün yerleşim dokusu kuzeye doğru yönelerek eğim üzerine yerleşmiştir. Tarihi sokak dokusu ve geleneksel yapıları, günümüze kadar korunarak gelmiştir. Yakın bir tarihte, köy yerleşimi içinde kalan bir bölgede Roma dönemine ait arkeolojik kalıntılar saptanmıştır. Dolayısıyla köyün, çok katmanlı bir kırsal yerleşim alanı olduğu söylenebilir. Kırsal yerleşime iyi bir örnek oluşturması sebebiyle Bağbaşı Köyü incelenmeye değer bulunmuştur. Bağbaşı Köyü geleneksel yerleşim dokusu ve köy yaşantısı büyük ölçüde korunmaktadır. Köy dokusu, organik biçimde gelişmiş dar sokaklar ve bu sokaklara yönelen, yığma taş duvar üzeri kerpiç dolgulu ahşap karkas sistem ile örülmüş, bir veya iki katlı geleneksel yapılardan oluşmaktadır. Yapı arazilerinde bitişik nizam ya da ayrık durumda ahır ve samanlık bulunmaktadır. Yerleşim alanı içerisindeki yapıların büyük çoğunluğu geleneksel yapıdır. Yerleşimdeki demografik yapı incelendiğinde, orta yaş ve yaşlı nüfusun çoğunlukta olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bağbaşı Köyü geleneksel kırsal yerleşimini mimari açıdan ele alan bu çalışma kapsamında, köyün değerliliğinin tanımlanması, korunması gereken kültürel değerleri tespit ederek geleneksel mimari dokusunun belgelenmesi ve kırsal yerleşimin korunmasına yönelik sürdürülebilir koruma önerilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Köy ve köyün bağlı olduğu Tokat merkez ilçesi'nin fiziksel, sosyal, ekonomik özellikleri, tarihsel gelişim süreci incelenmektedir. Bağbaşı Köyü'nde gerçekleştirilen saha çalışmaları ile birlikte köyün mimari yerleşim dokusu ve yapıların fiziksel özellikleri incelenerek analiz edilmiştir. Kırsal yerleşim dokusu ve geleneksel mimari sistematik bir şekilde fotoğraflanarak belgelenmiştir. Geleneksel yerleşim alanındaki tüm yapılar işlev, kat adedi, yapım sistemi, kullanım durumu, sağlamlık durumu, yapım dönemi, tarihsel değerlilik, yasal durum, korunmuşluk durumuları bakımından sınıflandırılmışlardır. Halihazır harita üzerinde, çeşitli renk ve gösterim teknikleriyle açıklanarak analiz paftaları hazırlanmıştır. Geleneksel yerleşim alanındaki her bir yapı için TÜBA kırsal mimarlık envanter fişi doldurulmuştur. Bağbaşı Köyü'nün geleneksel mimarisini incelemek amacıyla belirlenen nitelikli yapıların 1/100 ölçekli plan rölöveleri hazırlanmıştır. Bağbaşı Köyü'nde yürütülen araştırma ve çalışmalar sonucunda, geleneksel dokuya zarar verebilecek unsurlar belirlenmiştir. Ekonomik ve sosyal sorunlar, mimari çevreye ilişkin sorunlar, teknik uygulama sorunları ve yasal sorunlar olarak dört başlık altında incelenmiştir. Koruma sorunlarına yönelik sit ve yapı ölçeğinde koruma önerileri geliştirilmiştir. Bağbaşı Köyü'nde yaşayan halkın koruma konusundaki farkındalığının arttırılması hedeflenmiştir. Bölge ekonomisini canlandırabilmek adına sürdürülebilir koruma yöntemleri ortaya konmuştur. Bağbaşı Köyü'nü sit alanı ilan edilmesi, geleneksel yapıların tescillenmesi önerilmiştir.

Özet (Çeviri)

Bağbaşı (İbibse) Village is a rural settlement located within the central district of Tokat Province, approximately 20 kilometers from the city center. Historical records indicate that the village was formerly known as“İbibse”or“İlbis,”with“İbibse”still commonly used by the local community. In the Republican era, village names were often changed to Turkish names as part of national reforms. The name 'Bağbaşı' was given to the village due to especially its vineyards and gardens. Topographically, the village is positioned between two stream beds that serve as tributaries to the Yeşilırmak River. The settlement developed on a sloped terrain, primarily oriented towards the north. To this day, the village preserves its historical street layout and traditional buildings. Archaeological remains dating back to the Roman period have been recently discovered within the village boundaries. This finding not only provides evidence of long-term human occupation but also supports the characterization of Bağbaşı as a stratified or multi-layered rural settlement. Owing to its well-preserved traditional rural structure and cultural continuity, the village constitutes a valuable case for academic study and heritage conservation efforts. The traditional settlement fabric and rural lifestyle of Bağbaşı Village have been largely preserved. The village is characterized by organically developed narrow streets. Traditional buildings are oriented along these streets and constructed using a timber-frame system with adobe infill on load-bearing stone masonry walls. The structures are typically one or two stories high. In the building plots, barns and haylofts are either attached to the main houses or built as separate structures. Most of the buildings in the settlement are traditional housing. When the demographic structure is examined, it is observed that the population mostly consists of middle-aged and elderly people. As most residents of Bağbaşı Village have migrated to the city center, the village population has significantly declined. Those who continue to live in the village are largely abandoning their traditional houses. At the same time, new residential areas are being built along the outer edges of the historical settlement. Most of these new buildings are used only seasonally. The abandoned traditional houses are often used as storage spaces. Over time, these neglected structures are gradually deteriorating due to lack of maintenance. The migration of the majority of the village population to the city center has had a significant impact on traditional buildings. This migration has especially contributed to changes in village life and led to the abandonment of many traditional structures. Due to neglect, these buildings have gradually deteriorated and, over time, become unusable. As a result, traditional buildings now face the risk of disappearing entirely. Some residents, instead of completely leaving the village, have constructed new houses on their own plots using modern building techniques and materials. In most cases, the traditional buildings on the same plots have been left unused and are now commonly used as storage spaces. Other users who maintain a seasonal connection to village life have chosen to abandon the traditional houses and build new residential units beyond the edges of the historical settlement. These new structures, often constructed on agricultural land, contribute to the transformation of the village's traditional character. Within the village settlement, there are several public buildings, including a mosque, a primary school, a village wedding hall, and a health clinic. The original mosque was demolished over time; however, its minaret, built using traditional construction techniques and fired bricks, has been preserved to the present day. Recently, a new mosque was built on the same plot where the old mosque once stood. Located at the entrance of the historical settlement, the primary school provides education from kindergarten to the fourth grade. After this stage, children continue their education in schools located in the city center. A recent archaeological excavation conducted in the schoolyard revealed a number of artifacts, including a storage jar and other items dating back to the Roman period. This area has since been placed under protection and officially designated as a third-degree archaeological site. In the neighboring plot, there are wall remains believed to belong to a historic caravanserai (han). The village wedding hall and health clinic are no longer in use today. The primary source of income for the villagers is agriculture, and daily life is largely shaped by agricultural activities carried out in the fields. In addition to this, households meet their everyday needs through the cultivation of vegetables and fruits in home gardens located within the historical settlement. In addition to agriculture, small-scale livestock farming is also an important source of livelihood. Water canals play an important role both within the village and in the surrounding agricultural lands. In traditional rural life, these canals are primarily used for irrigation. Most of them are open-air canals, but where roads cross over them, they have been covered. The historical mill structure, once located in the southern part of the settlement, has not survived to the present day. However, there is a pool located near that area. Two natural water sources, one in the southeast and the other in the southwest, still exist outside the historical settlement. Paving materials or surfaces from earlier periods have not been preserved or identified in the village.nIn recent years, the roads have been covered with interlocking concrete pavers provided by the municipality. As part of this study, the traditional fabric of Bağbaşı Village was documented, with a focus on both its architectural characteristics and rural lifestyle. Fieldwork was conducted to examine the village's architectural layout and the characteristics of its buildings, leading to the creation of analytical maps at the site scale. The historical settlement was also documented through photography. It was determined that the cadastral map of Bağbaşı Village is up to date, with recent constructions added accordingly. A detailed environmental analysis at a 1:500 scale was prepared, focusing on the built environment, architectural elements, and rural features. Additionally, 1:1000 scale analyses were carried out to reveal the architectural identity of the area and to identify conservation challenges. Within the historical settlement, architectural features of traditional houses were studied at the individual building scale alongside the site analysis. Using traditional survey methods, original floor plans of these structures were completed at a 1:100 scale, and rural architectural inventory forms were filled out. As part of the building-plot relationship, architectural characteristics such as the buildings' positions and orientations within their plots, entrances, and additions were analyzed. To better interpret the documented buildings in the village, plan typology was conducted. Documents related to the village were scanned, translated from Ottoman Turkish, and examined. Historical maps, as well as records concerning the village's name change, were reviewed in relevant sources. Oral interviews were conducted with villagers to gather information about the village's history and its buildings. As a result of the research and studies conducted in Bağbaşı Village, factors that may threaten the historical settlement were identified. These issues were examined under four main categories: economic and social problems, architectural environment concerns, technical application challenges, and legal issues. Conservation proposals have been developed at both the site and building scales to deal with preservation issues. Increasing the awareness of the residents of Bağbaşı Village regarding conservation has been a key objective. The local community should be informed about the historical buildings. Additionally, sustainable conservation methods have been proposed to support the revitalization of the regional economy. The aim is to keep traditional buildings usable and part of modern life. Therefore, buildings need to be modified to align with current needs. Buildings that risk losing their original features due to careless repairs should be identified and fixed using proper methods. It is also recommended that Bağbaşı Village be declared a protected area and its traditional buildings officially recorded.

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