İsale hatlarının 'SCADA' destekli işletimi
Operation of the main water lines by the assistance of the SCADA
- Tez No: 19291
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. HALUK KARADOĞAN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1991
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 67
Özet
ÖZET îçme suyunun elde edildiği yerden şehre kadar getirilme sini sağlayan isale hatlarının boyutlandırılması ve işletimi bu çalışmanın temelini teşkil etmektedir. isalenin, hangi elemanlardan oluştuğu, hangi özellikte olması gerektiği, hatların işletim şekilleri hakkında bilgi verilerek genel tanıtım yapılmıştır. SCADA' nm ( Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition : Denetlemeli Kontrol ve Veri Edinme ) ne olduğu, nettir bilgi lerin merkezde toplandığı ve avantajları incelenmiştir. Depo-vana-depo dan oluşan cazibeli (kendinden akışlı) bir isale hattındaki değişkenlere ait matematiksel ifadeler elde edilerek bir bilgisayar programı hazırlandı. Verilen tüketim debisine (zamana bağlı değişken) göre program depoların hacmini klasik yöntemleri kullanarak belirlemekte ve zamana bağlı olarak depo seviye ve cazibe hattı debisi değişimlerini bulmaktadır. Bulunan depo hacim sonuçlarının Scada gibi dinamik bir işletim sisteminde çok daha kliçuk değerlere düşürülebileceği gösterilmiştir. Son bölümde gerçek bir isale hattı üzerinde Scada sistemi uygulanması ile isale hatlarının en önemli problemi olan hattın boşalmasının önlenmesi, klasik işletim sırasında ortaya çıkan problemlerin çözümü incelenerek sonuca gidilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY OPERATION OF THE MAIN WATER LINES BY THE ASSISTANCE OF THE SCADA In this thesis main water lines and their operation methods are studied. There are two common methods in main water lines operation: - Gravity feeding - Pumping According to the upstream and downstream point elevations of the pipeline, the operation method can be determined. If there is sufficient differentiation in the elevations between the upstream and downstream of the pipeline and the piezometric line does not cross the ground elevation gravity feeding operation can be chosen. While operating a gravity feeding system an important point is to keep the pipeline always full of water. The control of the gravity line is attained by use of a valve located in the downstream end to avoid the pipeline from draining. Another operating method is pumping, this method is used where the water must be fed by force. The pumps feed the reservoirs by water to enable the distribution from these reservoirs elongate continuously, or directly feeds the network. Control systems are especially required to be utilized in both operatipn methods. Each individual pumping or valve station may be controlled separately, but in a huge an interactively working water network it is nearly impossible to run the network by us© of separately controlled stations. viThe word of SCADA stands for the abbreviation of“Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition”words and comes from telemetry applications where simple local units acquire and transmit site-process data to the central processor. Such systems are primarily intended for supervision and control of the distribution networks. Main advantages of a SCADA can be summarized as in the followings: - High centralization of the control and monitoring for the interactive operations - Easy observation of overall system response - Contiguous and uninterruptible availability of data and information - Enabling of timely action to be taken by management - Extensive processing of the data coming from the site (like pump status: on/off, valve closures in percentage, pressure and flow measurements etc.) - Historical data archiving for statistical purposes - High level of security, better level of service - Attaining the level of international operational standards, quality and safety. - Tracing of the operators and subcontrol center behaviors A completely integrated computer-based SCADA system would typically include the following major complementary components to effect a smooth and trouble-free SCADA system to satisfy particularly system objectives depending upon application. - Computer sub-system - Communication sub-system - Remote operated devices - Telemetry sub-system - Field instrumentation Within the context of a water supply SCADA system, besides the monitoring and control of the distribution lines; any fault, breakage or power supply failure can be dedected and any necessary action can be taken urgently. According to the consumptional demands coming from the various zones of a metropolitan city demand; can be examined illustratively to search for the reasons and to viifind a solution to the problem. After the processing of the collected raw site data, distribution can easily be modified accordingly. This system may also be benefited in the planning for the expansion of the actual network to satisfy the growing usage. Due to the complexity of the main water distribution lines both in element behavior and geographical layout, the overall system response can never be predicted in conventional way. In this situation the only feasible way to observe the system response is to create a mathematical model of the network. These model studies will be extremely important either in simulating the future expansions or examination of any important operation to be taken over the whole or a part of the water network before meeting any unavoidable damage. Some of the parameters included in a water distribution SCADA system is schematically shown in the following figure. A computer program specifically created to design a gravity pipeline network in classical method is supplied in chapter 4. The initial values for this program are: - the ground elevations of the reservoirs - the maximum usable height of the reservoirs - cumulative consumption flow rates Cin daily basis) - cumulative incoming flow rates - pipeline diameters Initially, with these supplied data, the minimum pipeline diameter is calculated which is capable for holding the required flow rate. The downstream reservoir volume is determined on the classical practice. Time dependant characteristic values of each element in this system (both reservoirs and the pipeline) is calculated for 24 hours in order to obtain the necessary volume of the upstream reservoir. Appliance of the dynamic operation, thus by use of SCADA, will enable the water utilities to have reservoirs of the smaller volumes. This dynamic operation would be viiienabled by the active and immediate control of the valves over the pipeline. So the utilities will make any required action promptly rather than to store the huge amounts of water in big reservoirs located in the various parts of the distribution network. In this study; a real distribution pipeline COmerli - Salacak line in Istanbul Greater City Water Main Network) operation is also focused, the critical elements are extracted. The SCADA operation will entitle the operators to action immediately on these elements to achieve better performance and effective operation. ix
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