Nadir toprak elementleri minerallerinden bazı lantanitlerin kazanılması ve seryumun floresans spektroskopisi ile belirlenmesinde yeni bir yöntem
The Recovery of some lanthanides from rare earth minerals and a new method for the determination of cerium by fluorescende spectrometry
- Tez No: 21702
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. AYÇİÇEK AKSELİ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Kimya, Chemistry
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1992
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 66
Özet
fraction groups, this elution can be adopted to some other minerals those include rare earth elements in different percentages. The eluent used is known as an expensive material. The amount of eluent used in this work has been decreased as compared to the that used in the literature. At the same time the volume of the eluent can be decreased when the pH of eluent is increased after obtaining cerium fractions. In this case La fractions mill come earlier and this will further lessen the amount of the eluent used. It has been found that the elution period and the volume of the eluent is decreased. In this study the determination of the concentration of elements obtained in fractions after elution was performed by the spectrophotometry method using Arsenazo I reagent. Then the fraction groups of every element were collected and precipitated with oxalic acid. The precipitate of each element was ignited to their oxides and the colour of these oxides were used identification of the elements (La: white, Ce: yellow, Pr: dark brown, Nd: light blue). At the second part of this study, we investigated the fluorescence properties of cerium hexatnetaphosphate ' complex. It is well known that the analytical problems encountered in the determination of lanthanide ions, especially as traces in solutions, arise from their very similar chemical properties. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to find specific reactions for the individual ions. Spectrophotometry methods produce satisfactory resullts for only high lanthanide concentrations, since the molar absorptivities of the individual ions are rather low. Better results are obtained using optical emission spectra or activation analyses, but it is still difficult to determine traces of individual lanthanides in complex mixtures. Fluorometry has been partially successful because the fluorescence intensity of solutions of common soluble salts of the lanthanides are fairly low. Sodium hexaasetaphacphate acts as a specific reagent for enhancing the fluorescence intensity of cerium in aqueous solutions. -IX-
Özet (Çeviri)
THE fHUUER/ DF SCFE LflNTHfMKB FRCM RARE EARTH MİNERALS AND A NELJ MEIHD FOR THE DEJER*röTİDN CF GERİLİM BY FLUDFESCEME SRIflRJMETRY SUMHARY The rare earth group of elemen-is, also called the lan- thanides is composed of fifteen elements uıith atomic numbers betusen 57 and 71. Yttrium atomic number 39 is found naturally uıith the rare earths. The lanthanides may be generally classified as the light (atomic number 57 to 60) ör heavy (atomic number 64 to 71) rare earths including yttrium. These terms are derived from the fact that the“light”materials are generally more soluble than the“heavy”ones in a given solvent system. it is difficult to obtain the rare earth elements from their tninerals as uell as to separate them from each other because of their similar chemical properties. in addition, the detection of those elements are rather difficult due to again the same reason mentioned above. Before the development of the ion exchange methods in 1941 to 1947, fractional crystallization, fractional precipitation and fractional thermal decomposition had been used in order tD get över these problems. But unfortunately» these classic methods are laborious and time consuming. Nouadays, the most effective tool, for the separation and purification of rare earths is the ion exchange method, utilizing synthetic ion-exchange resins. Separation the rare earths using a suitable eluting agent is an important step. The effectiveness of separation for an experimental arrangement depends on such parameters as temperature, type and size of the cation exchange resin particles, dimensions of the column, conc^fitration, pH and flou rate of eluting agent. -vi-in this study strong acid type cation exchange resin Douex 5Dül-X8, 2DD-4DD mesh and elution solution of^ hydroxyisobutyric acid (c*HIB) uere used. Commparison af the relative separation factors uith other eluents indicates that this eluent is so far the best. At first an artificially prepared mixture of rare earth elements has been studied. The uashed resin, after being kept in uater overnight, uıas transfsrred to the column, the resin uas then equilibrated uith İM e
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