I. Meşrutiyetin ilanı ve ilk Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 32434
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. RİFAT ÖNSOY
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Tarih, History
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1994
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Gazi Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Genel Türk Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 205
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
The Ottoman Empire had been govern with autocracy from establishment to the year 1876. The important characteristic for this type of governing are difference between state Legal structure and political organization. According to the legal regulation the moslem law (Şeriat), in other words the Koran, is accepted as it is without any change. However the political order and organization had been influance by the old Turkish states political systems. The state abonded autocracy and accepted parliamenter regime on 23 rd of December 1 876 withdeclaration of first constitutional Monarhy (Meşrutiyet). The establishment of the first Turkish parliament had been affected by Young Ottoman's period of Struggle. Intellectuals like Namık Kemal, Ziya Paşa, Ali Suavi published their opinion about democracy and freedom wile they had been living in Europe. Mithat Paşa, a young stateman who supported constitutional Monarchy, cooperated with the Young Ottomans. H. Avni Paşa, Mütercim Rüştü Paşa, Mithat Paşa who cooperated with Ahmet Paşa from Kayseri, supported the others to bring down the SuLtan from the throne. Sultan V. Murat who replaced Sultan AbdUlaziz was also brought down from the throne because of his illnesses. The crown prince AbdUlhamit replaced him. The Sultan II AbdUlhamit had promised to declare the constitutional Monarchy (Meşrutiyet). The new draft constitution was inspired by the French and Belgium Constitutional, which was prepared by Mithat Paşa, Ziya Paşa, Namık Kemal and others in the comitee. However the Sultan made changes on the draft constitution than an announcement was made on 23 rd December 1876.IV In this way a new period of time had begun in the Ottoman Empire. The first Parliament (Meclisi - Umumi) was opened with a cerenomy on 19 th Monch 1877 at which the sultan was present. There were 1 15 members in this first parliament which was operated untill 28th June 1877. Sultan II. Abdiilhamit closed the parliament because he was not happy with the result of the work. The second terms work had been done between 13 Dec 1877 to 13 Feb 1878 in the assembly. These second term members of Parliament were elected with the temporary instructions (Talimat-ı Muvakkate) like the first elections due to not having the election law. in the second term the numbers of the parliament were reduced and stayde 96. While the war between Ottomans and Russia were intense in the second term Parliament 1877-1878 (Meclisi Mebusan) opened and had to struggle with the important problems. In the Assembly, the members of parliament had agreed that the government and the Sultan were resonsible for the bad course of the war. At the end the Sultan II Abdtilhamid with the authority of the Basic law, (Kanun-ı-Esasî) closed down the Parliament and the constitution was not used for some time (13 th Feb 1878).
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