Trickle spillway design for detention and routing of flood storage waters in aquaculture ponds
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 400550
- Danışmanlar: DR. A. G. SMAJSTRALA, DR. FEDRO S. ZAZUETA
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mühendislik Bilimleri, Engineering Sciences
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1999
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: University of Florida
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Mühendislik Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 175
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
Water demands for livestock, irrigation, fish production, fire protection, energy conservation, wildlife habitats, recreation, landscape improvement as well as human consumption have increased dramatically in recent years. Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries and it is rapidly expanding in Florida. Water requirements have increased as the aquaculture industry has grown. Water management systems must be designed for aquaculture ponds so that they meet local, state and federal water management regulations. State regulations require treatment and controlled discharge of water used in aquaculture production, and that which passes through aquaculture facilities as a result of rainfall. Engineering information for design, construction, and installation of a trickle pipe spillway control device for management of storm water discharge and water conservation was reported by Smajstrla et al. (1998). The trickle spillway can manage the flood water resulting from a 25-year, 24-hour rainstorm by detaining the flood water in the production pond and discharging it at a rate that does not exceed the capacity of the detention pond. Although the trickle pipe spillway is simple in construction, calculations required to apply such a design to a specific pond condition are complex. A computer simulation model was developed help to design trickle spillways for aquaculture ponds. This simulation model greatly simplifies the complexity of computations necessary to design a trickle spillway for a specific aquaculture pond. The model was designed such that it can analyze long-term periods of daily climatic data for a specific location, and calculate discharge and refill water considering other factors such as seepage, runoff, pipe size, and trickle orifice size and number. Use of the aquaculture trickle spillway design model for trickle spillway design will provide several advantages for aquaculture ponds in Florida or other locations: 1) since the simulation model accurately calculates the amount of discharge based on the climatic data, the flood water can be detained in the production pond and then slowly discharged. This will reduce the size of the detention pond without compromising water treatment; 2) the simulation model determines the maximum flow rate at which water is allowed to pass through the treatment facilities, thus the required detention pond size can be readily determined, and water quality is expected to improve as compared to a system where flow rates fluctuate widely; 3) the trickle orifice device is inexpensive and easily constructed. The computer simulation model developed in this study is well adapted for this device to make it more accurate and effective; 4) with the orifice flow control device, the discharge rate will be greater when the pond water level is higher. This will result in rapid recovery of the storm water storage capacity required in aquaculture ponds; and 5) when the water depth drops near the normal water level, the trickle pipe spillway design discharges excess water in the pond very slowly. This will result in water conservation because the amount of refill water required will be decreased. One of the most common causes of an aquaculture pond failure is overflow caused by unexpected heavy rainstorms. Miscalculations in the design of a pond may cause pond failure resulting in a high economic loss. The use of the simulation model developed in this study for pond design can prevent failure of ponds due to heavy rainstorms since the simulation model evaluates thirty years of climatic data and designs pond spillways with adequate capacity for extreme conditions. The 25-year, 24-hour flood storage depth can safely be used for aquaculture pond spillway design since the discharge and refill was not affected by flood storage depths ranging from 7.5 to 30 cm in this study. Analysis of different pond water level management options indicated that refilling daily to critical depth below the normal water level is the most efficient management option since it resulted in less discharge and required less refill water as compared to the other options studied. This management option can save water and reduced the size of detention ponds required. Therefore, management by refilling daily to a critical value below the normal water level is recommended for aquaculture pond trickle spillway designs.
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