The research of the effect of the educational levels of managers working in the professional soccer clubs in Turkey on the economical stability and sports achievement of clubs
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 401437
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. YORDAN KALAYKOV
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Spor, Sports
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Manager, Education, Economy, Achievement in sports
- Yıl: 2009
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Nacıonalna Sportna Akademıja Vassıl Levskı-Sofıa
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
In this research, the research of the effect of the educational levels of managers working in the professional soccer clubs in turkey on the economical stability and sports achievement of clubs is aimed. The public servey method has been used as a data collection tool in the research. The used survey comprises of three parts. In the first part, a scaling factor was used, consisting of questions with a demographic content, that investigate the depictive features of the managers. In the second part questions regarding the features of executives are used and in the third part a scaling factor was employed, that measures the need of managers for education. The implementation of the public serveys for seasons 2007-2008 has been carried out by sending the surveys to club executives, who serve in the professional soccer clubs in the Turkish Super League, Turkish 1st League, Turkish 2nd League and the Turkish 3rd League, to 1050 club executives in total, who are licensed soccer representatives in Turkey and who comprise the system, and to 400 soccer representatives (missionary managers). Of the surveys that were carried out, 528 were returned. 217 of these were not taken into consideration, due to the deficiency of demographic data, the stating of arbitrary answers or the fact that answers that were not filled in, formed the majority. The statistic analyses were composed, by considering 311 surveys. Furthermore, in order to determine the need for data and abilities, experts were consulted for their opinion and the data that was collected by asking open end questions to the managers, was analysed by method of discourse analysis, so as to try to determine the areas that managers care about, emphasize and feel there is a deficiency, while they are talking about their own work. Within the framework of the comprised model, variables were collected under 2 main headings: demographical and attitude variables. The attitude scaling factor of 21 items, that was developed to determine the features of executives in the research, was measured with a 5-fold Likert, as for the variables of the need for education, relevant to 29 different topics, they were measured with a minimum 1-fold and maximum 7-fold rating system for the expression“I need to improve myself concerning this matter”. Prior to the research, validity and reliability activities of the data collection tool were carried out in a pretest, with 100 surveys taking part. The alfa coefficient being 0.87, is considered to be on an acceptable level. Of the basic base dimensions, the Alfa coefficient for the professional adequateness dimension is 0.83; the Alfa coefficient for the personal capabilities dimension is 0.76; the Alfa coefficient for the liberal education level dimension is 0.69, and all are considered to be on an acceptable level. During the pilot research, intermatter correlation analysis and total point intermatter correlation analysis have been primarily applied among internal consistency analyses as a reliability method. As a result of this, the necessary matters for the final scaling factor have been established. Thereafter, the Cronbach Alfa coefficient and the reliability of the scaling factor have been tested. According to the result of the apllied“Question - Unity”correlation analysis, the scaling factor has been found applicable, without having to subtract any matters. As a result of the reliability analysis of this scaling factor, the Alfa coefficient has been found to be 87%. The data has been summarized as percentage and frequency calculations. According to NorFinancialty testing, Ki-Kare testing, t testing and One-WAY ANOVA testing have been used among parametric testing in independent groups. As for accordance with variance uniformity, Tamhane testing has been used among Post Hoc Multiple Comparisions. The error level has been stated as 0.05 in this exercise. The reliability and validity exercises of the scaling factor relevant to educational subjects have been carried out in the same way. The C.Alfa value has been found to be 0,93 in the analysis. When examining the“Question – scaling factor”correlations and the“reliability after erasing question”tests, it can be observed that the scaling factor is consistent and that the variables are conform with the unity of the scaling factor. When considering the findings of the research; a meaningful difference has been statistically determined between the educational levels of soccer representatives and whether or not they benefit from any social security; during the comparison of the professional technical education points from especially the sub-dimensions of the executive features of soccer representatives, the professional technical points of soccer representatives between 30-40 years old were found to be significantly higher than the professional technical points of soccer representatives 41-50 years old; during the comparison of the executive abilities in sub-dimensions of executive features of soccer representatives in terms of educational level, the executive ability points of soccer representatives with a postgraduate educational level were found to be significantly higher than the executive ability points of soccer representatives with a secundary education or universitary educational level; during comparison, a statistically meaningful difference was determined between the points regarding whether or not soccer representatives receive education concerning sports administration in terms of executive features and the lower dimensional points of administration abilities; the administrational abilities points of soccer representatives, that received education concerning sports administration, were found to be significantly lower than the administrational abilities points of soccer representatives, that did not receive education concerning sports administration; in terms of executive training, the educational abilities points of soccer representatives, that received education conerning sports administration were found to be significantly higher than the educational points of soccer representatives, that didn't receive education concerning sports administration (P>0.05). As for the professional soccer club executives,who participated in the research, a statistically meaningful difference was determined between their duties at the club and their expectations from administration; during the comparison of professional technical education points from the lower dimensions of executive features of club executives in terms of age groups, the professional technical education points of club executives between the ages of 51-60 were found to be meaningfully higher than the professional technical education points of club executives between the ages of 30-40 and 41-50; during the comparison of management skill points from the sub-dimensions of management features in terms of age groups, the professional technical education points of club executives between the ages of 51-60 were found to be meaningfully higher than the management skill points of club executives between the ages of 41-50; during the comparison of the liberal education points from the sub-dimensions of executive features in terms of age groups, the liberal education points of club executives between the ages of 51-60 were found to be meaningfully higher than the liberal education points of club executives between the ages of 30-40 and 41-50; during the comparison of professional supportive points from the sub-dimensions of management trainings of club executives, in terms of age groups, the professional supportive points of club executives between the ages 51-60 were found to be meaningfully higher than the professional supportive points of club executives between the ages of 30-40; during the comparison in terms of educational level, the management training points of club executives with an educational level of secundary education were found to be meaningfully higher than the management training points of club executives with a universitary educational level; in terms of management trainings, a meaningful difference was determined between those that believe that sports managements requires professionalism and those that do not; a statistically meaningful difference was determined in the analysis of the relationship between professional soccer club executives who know a foreign language together with their educational level, and those that do not (P<0.05). Furthermore, when the hypotheses of the research are analysed, a statistically meaningful difference (P>0.05) was not determined in the relationship between the budgets of clubs participating in the research and the educational levels of executives, whether or not females can provide sports management with their educational levels, whether or not they believe that the work they provide requires professionalism according to their educational levels, whether or not they find the audits of the Turkish Soccer Federation regarding management sufficient according to their educational levels, their expectations from managership according to their educational levels, whether or not professionalism is required in the work they do, together with the sports management training they received, whether or not they find the audits of the Turkish Soccer Federation regarding management sufficient, together with the sports management training they received, whether or not professional soccer clubs in Turkey are managed with professional understanding and staffs, together with the sports management training they received, the achievement rating system of clubs in the league compared to super league, first league, second league, third league club executives, together with their educational levels, the achievement rating of clubs and the management years of executives in clubs, the conditions in which club executives receive management training or not, the expectations from club executives regarding management, the problems executives face in the clubs, conditions in which club executives receive sports law training or not, the conditions in which clubs ara managed with professional understanding and staffs. But nonetheless, a statistically meaningful difference was not determined in the analysis of the relationship between the achievement rating in the league of clubs participating in the research and the annual budgets, and whether or not executives know a foreign language, together with their educational levels (P<0.05). As a result of the research; It is thought that an important majority of managers in Turkey are working without a license, that the professional educational levels of managers are low, that managership has nott exactly become a profession, that females do not take an interest in managership and club management, that clubs work with managers without a license, that managers do not fully use their authority in the clubs where they work, that managers' ideas are not sufficiently valued in clubs, that managership is regarded as a tool that provides easy economical profits, than as a professional avocation, that clubs and the managership profession did not institutionalize, that trainings and audits of the soccer federation regarding managership are inadequate, that universities that give sports education still do not give managership training, that sports academists are not benefitted from at the intended level during managership trainings, that the economic stability and the budgets of clubs affects their achievements in the league, that there is no meaningful relationship between the educational levels of managers and the economic stability and achievement of clubs and that nobody coming from very different professional groups function as a manager. Within the framework of our research, below stated can be carried out in context of suggestion; The opening of a“managership”division within the context of the sports management department in the Physical Education and Sports Academies of universities or the placing of the managership class in the curriculum. The urgent transfer to the“professional manager”system, in all professional soccer clubs by employing licensed managers. Prohibiting persons that do not have a license and still acquire this work as a profession. Not allocating duties to these persons in any way by clubs and federation. Allocating duties to sports academists of the Turkish Soccer Federation in the“managership trainings”. Increasing the number of licensed managers. Especially making sure that graduates from Physical Education and Sports Academies of universities are encouraged to do this profession. Institutionalizing managership. Professional soccer clubs should have educated and professional executives, instead of remunerative executives. Preparing a model for national managership training.
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