Vehicules electriques hybrides rechargeables: Evaluation des impacts sur le reseau electrique et strategies optimales de recharge
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 401994
- Danışmanlar: PROF. SEDDIK BACHA, DR. DANIEL CHATROUX
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği, Electrical and Electronics Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2012
- Dil: Fransızca
- Üniversite: Université de Grenoble
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 347
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
The strong increase of primary energy consumption in the last few years and the estimations of global warning justify the aim of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. This aim benefits nowadays of a strong political support. So, the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was established in 1997. In 2010, 168 states approved this treaty which stipulates that the world greenhouse gas emissions will half reduce until 2050. Given the depletion of world oil reserves and the strongly dependence of terrestrial transport on these ones, it is necessary to shift energy to propel futures vehicles. According to actual environmental, technical and economic exigencies, the Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) have been studied in this thesis because they represent the ideal transition to a free-oil world. To this end, the contribution of this thesis, related to the Smart Grids, covers simultaneously the fields of electric utility grid, rechargeable vehicles, and residential areas. This manuscript is composed of six chapters, as follows. The first chapter presents the states-of-the-art on the electric grids and rechargeable vehicles. Studies reported within this thesis are presented according to the Smart Grids literature. The second chapter allows to make available the input data to develop Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) concepts. These concepts represent two distribution electric grids ; the databases of housings and transformers Daily Load Profiles (DLPs) ; a model of Lithium Ion battery for dynamic monitoring the State-of-Charge (SOC) and the State-of-Health (SOH) of PHEVs ; and a thermal model of low voltage transformer for life duration calculation. The third chapter is composed of studies that assess the impacts of PHEVs on the French national electric grid, on distribution and residential electric grids and which quantify the Loss-of-Life (LOL) of low-voltage transformer. So, two major problems are identified: the voltage plan and the aging rate of transformers, particularly those supplying residential areas.The fourth chapter investigates the ways of reducing the impact of rechargeable vehicles grid integration. Two unidirectional PHEVs smart charging strategies are proposed. The first is a Rule-Based algorithm whose operating modes are defined by heuristic rules. The second strategy is based on Dynamic Programming and the Bellman's principle for optimal charging of PHEVs. The fifth chapter studies algorithms related to Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) concept. Three bidirectional PHEVs smart charging strategies are proposed. The first is a Housing Peak Shaving (HPS) algorithm which grants user cost savings and allows to the distribution electric grid manager to preserve the grid elements and the electric grid operation. The second strategy is a House Energy Bill Minimization (HEBM) algorithm, specifically developed for the electricity pricing system for residential sector in France. The last strategy is a HEBM algorithm based on predictive control where all electricity pricing systems are admissible. Its objective is the minimization of the charging cost of PHEVs. The sixth chapter explores the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept using the PHEVs to control voltage profile in residential areas. So, on one hand a generic methodology is proposed and on the other hand an algorithm is presented. This manuscript ends with general conclusion and future work.
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