Formation of biofibers and biofilms from blends of polysaccharides and proteins
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 403040
- Danışmanlar: PROF. RICHARD KOTEK
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Polimer Bilim ve Teknolojisi, Polymer Science and Technology
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2016
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: North Carolına State Unıversıty
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
Fibers and films that are sustainable and biodegradable can be engineered from a combination of polysaccharide and protein. In a binary polymeric blend, the compatibility of these polymers is influenced by the characteristics of each polymer in the employed solvent system as well as processing conditions. Therefore, effective solvents are chosen to directly dissolve both components at the optimum conditions. In the first study, the blends of chitosan and soy protein was cast using acetic and formic acid as solvents to produce films. It was found that blend films from acetic acid gave higher hydrophobicity, better internal blend miscibility, and better tensile properties than blend films from formic acid. The interaction between the two biopolymers was confirmed by chemical and thermal analysis, indicating their compatibility. Moreover, increasing chitosan content increased the tensile strength and the absorptive properties. In other studies, ethylenediamine and potassium thiocyanate (ED/KSCN), was chosen to directly dissolve cellulose with proteins, including soy protein, collagen, and keratin, at theoptimum conditions. This process ensures fast dissolution at 90°C within 2-4 hours with no temperature cycling. In addition, the solvent is nondegrading to the polymers and no stabilizer is necessary. By regulating solution composition of the blends, a variety of novel cellulose - high protein content solutions were converted into mainly fibers as well as films to examine the properties of the resultant polymer compositions. The chemical and x-ray analysis of cellulose/soy protein blend fibers confirms the formation of the interaction through mainly secondary bonding. Increasing protein content provided slightly higher thermal stability to the fibers. The electron microscopy images of the fibers showed homogeneous dispersion of the protein without phase separation. The percent crystallinity and the tensile data revealed that the best compatibility occurred with 20% soy protein ratio and the fiber had the same birefringence as the control fiber. Furthermore, blending cellulose with protein imparted faster biodegradation to the fibers. The chemical and thermal analysis of cellulose/collagen fiber revealed an intermolecular interaction between cellulose and the protein and improved thermal stability, respectively. The electron microscopy images mostly exhibited fibrillar morphology with no visible phase separation, indicating compatibility between the two phases. Furthermore, the fibers containing higher cellulose content showed higher crystallinity, tensile, and birefringence properties of the composite fibers. Thermal analysis of cellulose/keratin fibers confirmed the substantial blending of the two polymers. The electron microscopy images did not exhibit two phase morphology indicating compatible blends. The X-ray diffraction of blend fibers became more distinct with more protein content due most likely to the enlarging network of intermolecular interaction between the polymer phases. While the modulus and the tenacity diminished, the elongation of the fibers improved with an increasing keratin ratio. Uniform and strong cellulose/soy protein films were produced using the ED/KSCN solvent system. Gamma irradiation was applied to the film forming solutions to stabilize the molecular network structure of the blend films. The interaction between cellulose and soy protein, exhibited by chemical analysis, was rearranged after exposure to the irradiation. The thermal analysis revealed insignificant changes in the thermal stability. The irradiation up to 10 kGy led to higher elongation at in the resulting film. Moreover, the transparency of the film somewhat decreased. However, the water absorption capacity significantly decreased.
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