Türkiye Selçukluları-İlhanlı ilişkileri (1258-1308)
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 41585
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. ALİ SEVİM
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Tarih, History
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1995
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Ankara Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Ortaçağ Tarihi Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 570
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
The relations between Seljuüid of Turkey and Mongols which began with relations Mongolian Khan Ogeday and Alaaddin Keykubad I. 28 year later became the SeljuMid. llhanid relations when Hülagu Khan formed the llkhanid state in Iran and subjigated the Seljukids of Turkey. The first operation of llkhanid ruler was the elimination of Sultan Izzeddin Keykavus II and his company the than appointed the loyal Sultan Rükneddin Kılıç Arslan IV and his assistant Pervane Muineddin Süleyman as the rulers of Seljuhids of Turkey. The new administration governed the country as their new rulers wished and practised all duties the Ilkhanid's put on them This duties are: an annual tax, the declaration of obeidence by Sultan whenewer the llkhan wish, and sending auxilary troops in a war times. This system which direct the Ilkhamd-Seljuftid relations lasted untiel 1270 with the loyal service of llkhanid governor Pervane Muineddin. By this time the existing llkhanid-Memlük rivalary become more severe and effected the people and administrators of the Seljuks. Turcomans were the primary gorups apposed to the llkhanid492 sovereignity, the support of some Seljukid high officials to the Turcomans marked the begining of anti-îlkhanid movements. In the obsence of General Governor of Anatolia Pervane Muineddin, under the leadership of Hatiroğlu Şerafeddin a pro-Meluk group revolted and executed all Mongols. This group wanted the asistance of Memlûk Sultan Baybars but before coming of his help llkhanid forces entered Anatolia and suppressed the rebellion blodly. However the successful compaign and victory of Sultan Baybars in 1277, did not give an end to Mongolian sovereignity in the country in contrast Mongolian authority increased. After the campaign of Baybars by taking the advantage of the authority vacuum the Turcomans seized Konya, the capital city of Anatolian Seljuhid's and formed an independent administration. Under this circumstances, seeing the danger of loosing the country, llkhanid administration send Sahip Şemseddin Cüveynî to Anatolia, he repelled the Turcomans and established a new administrative system. Acording to this system, while the authority of general governor lessened, that of Seljukid Sultan increased. In this perial a number of charitable foundations such as mosque, medrese, imaret and hangah were builded. A famous Seljukid dignitary Sahip Fahreddin Ali appointed as the head of new adnıinistariton. In this new which lasted untill the death of Ali in 1288, the administrators tried to fulfill their obligations against Ilkhanids. In this period the expences of Seljuriid-ilkhanid army which493 landed in Anatolia covered by Seljulrids this allied forces inghted against Memlüks abroad and Turkomans within the borders. With the death of Fahreddin Ali the administration of Anatolian Seljukid's passed in to the lands of persian element appointed by! llkhaid's. Af this period the incomes of the country was given as İltizam“ and its divided into four fiscal regions. But the corruption of ”multezim's“ and their over texation ruined the country and people as a result the people leaved their farmlands escaped to the mountains. At the same time, especially after the death of Argun Han, Ilkhanid political and economic order shakened and as a result the countries they ruled effected from this development. Under this circumstances in 1295 Gazan Han come to the Ilkhanid throne, after establishing authority he tried to make reformations. He introduced a currency that will be used in very part of the country. He distributed agricultural implements and seed and farmers for given for their tax depts. The İltizam system was given up and instead farmers began to pay their taxes directly to the central treasury. As a result of these and some other reorganizations a partial comfort accured. The Seljukid administration under the leadership of Mesud II and it ally Ilkhanid forces were unsuccesful against the Turcoman forces activating an the frontiers. These forthcoming ”Beylik's" not only raided the Byzantine lands but also of Seljukids.494 The reign of Olcoytu the successor of the Gazan Han marked a period of stagnation in Ilkhanid Seljukid relations. The Ilkhanid government heavily occupied by the problems in Iran, as aresult in the absence of Ilkhanid. Support the Anatolian Seljukid's did not lasted more. In 1308 Sultan Mesud II. died but no one appointed to the throne, this event brought the end of Seljukid's in Anatolia. For a while Seljukid lands was governed by Ilkhanid governor general's but the Turcoman Beylik's saved this land in a short time. Conceauently we can scry that the Ilkhanid-Seljukid relations developed as ruler-ruled relations. Ilkhanid Mongols interfered in all matters relating to Seljukids and forced them to practise whatever they want, As a result the Seljukia authority weakened gradualy and this development resulted in the emergence of the rite of new powers and power centers. On the other hand the agricultural order and -urban life depraved and nomadism incerased. On top of that new developments in the Turkish culture can be counted as the advantages of this period.
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