Türkiye'de üretilen bölücü elemanların açık sistem kuralları açısından değerlendirilmesi
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 46578
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. HASAN ŞENER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1995
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 141
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
Industrialized construction systems can be classified in three categories according to their technical, economical and organizational qualities. In systems using order based components system the production of a whole prefabricated component group by a firm is expected. In such a grouping, the replacement of a single component from the market is not possible. In model systems, components to be used together are designed and produced by a single or a group of firms are used. The constructor chooses from catalogs of firms that have all the required components in order to construct buildings such as schools, houses, offices, hospitals, etc. as a whole. In open systems products are produced by private enterprises in terms of commercial competition. Due to economical reasons, in order to increase the sales, all components must be replaceable and suitable to be used together. Independent firms produce the components according to mutual collaboration conventions. The components are fuBy compatible. The producers have catalogs displaying their products. These catalogs constitute the main component catalog. In this system, the components are stored in the factory warehouses. This way, a very fast and variegated production can be accomplished. There is a wider variety of components compared to the other systems. Also, the open system is flexible and suitable for changes. In open systems, the designer will be effective in the design of the components in the catalogs, preparation of the building program, design of the building according to the mutual collaboration conventions and the selection of the components to be used according to this design. In semi open systems the building is constructed with the traditional system appearance after the catalog components are chosen. In the design phase the dimensions of the components influence the dimensions used in the design. In order to built a building using the open system all the rules forming this system has to be defined clearly. These rules are created by determining some common standards and dimensional similarities between various different components. These mutual collaboration conventions must be able to meet the demands of the users. Architectural quality and variety must not be hindered. They must be used in construction of all types of buildings with different methods. The conventions must enable integration with the traditional systems. The components defined must be used at every location in the building. The main purpose is to create compatibility between components and component groups. In open systems, dimensional coordination is to create compatibility between the building as a whole and the components mat make it up. Dimensional coordination is achieved by the standardization of the psychological and physical dimensions of space providing the users the minimum comfort levels. XVindustry. The production of construction material that do not meet the demands of the industnal applicatıons will impaır ındustrialization. The improvements in engineering will provide easier application of prefabricated bullding components and elemente wıth more precision. For this reason, industnalized construction systems will provide the following advantages:.faster constnıction process.improved buüding methods.production of more housıng units in less time \vith less manpower.continuous production unaffected by climatic conditions.less manpower ioss.sımpler work.reduced work site area.savings in material.production suitable for quality control The industrialization of the construction sector requires large financıal ınvestment as with other large production sectors. The requirements of the mechanization process in the transıtion from traditional construction systems to industnalized construction systems may exceed the ünancial capacity of the private sector. Also, the maintenance of a qualified manual labor puts a restraınt on financial sources. industnalized constnıction systems begın with traditional systems and reach their highestphase of development withfuüprefabrication. The development of buüding production systems is parattel to the development in production processes and product technologies. The industrial construction can easily be converted to a serial production mechanism with the mutual influences of the standard type production and fast construction. in this new construction mechanism, prefabricated buüding elements whose designs are completed to the last detail are used. in the industnalized construction the management of the manpower and mechanıcal equipment requires high productivity not only at the production of some buüding elements but at the management of the whole construction process. xivIndustrialized construction systems can be classified in three categories according to their technical, economical and organizational qualities. In systems using order based components system the production of a whole prefabricated component group by a firm is expected. In such a grouping, the replacement of a single component from the market is not possible. In model systems, components to be used together are designed and produced by a single or a group of firms are used. The constructor chooses from catalogs of firms that have all the required components in order to construct buildings such as schools, houses, offices, hospitals, etc. as a whole. In open systems products are produced by private enterprises in terms of commercial competition. Due to economical reasons, in order to increase the sales, all components must be replaceable and suitable to be used together. Independent firms produce the components according to mutual collaboration conventions. The components are fuBy compatible. The producers have catalogs displaying their products. These catalogs constitute the main component catalog. In this system, the components are stored in the factory warehouses. This way, a very fast and variegated production can be accomplished. There is a wider variety of components compared to the other systems. Also, the open system is flexible and suitable for changes. In open systems, the designer will be effective in the design of the components in the catalogs, preparation of the building program, design of the building according to the mutual collaboration conventions and the selection of the components to be used according to this design. In semi open systems the building is constructed with the traditional system appearance after the catalog components are chosen. In the design phase the dimensions of the components influence the dimensions used in the design. In order to built a building using the open system all the rules forming this system has to be defined clearly. These rules are created by determining some common standards and dimensional similarities between various different components. These mutual collaboration conventions must be able to meet the demands of the users. Architectural quality and variety must not be hindered. They must be used in construction of all types of buildings with different methods. The conventions must enable integration with the traditional systems. The components defined must be used at every location in the building. The main purpose is to create compatibility between components and component groups. In open systems, dimensional coordination is to create compatibility between the building as a whole and the components mat make it up. Dimensional coordination is achieved by the standardization of the psychological and physical dimensions of space providing the users the minimum comfort levels. XVindustry. The production of construction material that do not meet the demands of the industnal applicatıons will impaır ındustrialization. The improvements in engineering will provide easier application of prefabricated bullding components and elemente wıth more precision. For this reason, industnalized construction systems will provide the following advantages:.faster constnıction process.improved buüding methods.production of more housıng units in less time \vith less manpower.continuous production unaffected by climatic conditions.less manpower ioss.sımpler work.reduced work site area.savings in material.production suitable for quality control The industrialization of the construction sector requires large financıal ınvestment as with other large production sectors. The requirements of the mechanization process in the transıtion from traditional construction systems to industnalized construction systems may exceed the ünancial capacity of the private sector. Also, the maintenance of a qualified manual labor puts a restraınt on financial sources. industnalized constnıction systems begın with traditional systems and reach their highestphase of development withfuüprefabrication. The development of buüding production systems is parattel to the development in production processes and product technologies. The industrial construction can easily be converted to a serial production mechanism with the mutual influences of the standard type production and fast construction. in this new construction mechanism, prefabricated buüding elements whose designs are completed to the last detail are used. in the industnalized construction the management of the manpower and mechanıcal equipment requires high productivity not only at the production of some buüding elements but at the management of the whole construction process. xivIndustrialized construction systems can be classified in three categories according to their technical, economical and organizational qualities. In systems using order based components system the production of a whole prefabricated component group by a firm is expected. In such a grouping, the replacement of a single component from the market is not possible. In model systems, components to be used together are designed and produced by a single or a group of firms are used. The constructor chooses from catalogs of firms that have all the required components in order to construct buildings such as schools, houses, offices, hospitals, etc. as a whole. In open systems products are produced by private enterprises in terms of commercial competition. Due to economical reasons, in order to increase the sales, all components must be replaceable and suitable to be used together. Independent firms produce the components according to mutual collaboration conventions. The components are fuBy compatible. The producers have catalogs displaying their products. These catalogs constitute the main component catalog. In this system, the components are stored in the factory warehouses. This way, a very fast and variegated production can be accomplished. There is a wider variety of components compared to the other systems. Also, the open system is flexible and suitable for changes. In open systems, the designer will be effective in the design of the components in the catalogs, preparation of the building program, design of the building according to the mutual collaboration conventions and the selection of the components to be used according to this design. In semi open systems the building is constructed with the traditional system appearance after the catalog components are chosen. In the design phase the dimensions of the components influence the dimensions used in the design. In order to built a building using the open system all the rules forming this system has to be defined clearly. These rules are created by determining some common standards and dimensional similarities between various different components. These mutual collaboration conventions must be able to meet the demands of the users. Architectural quality and variety must not be hindered. They must be used in construction of all types of buildings with different methods. The conventions must enable integration with the traditional systems. The components defined must be used at every location in the building. The main purpose is to create compatibility between components and component groups. In open systems, dimensional coordination is to create compatibility between the building as a whole and the components mat make it up. Dimensional coordination is achieved by the standardization of the psychological and physical dimensions of space providing the users the minimum comfort levels. XVModular coordination is a standardization technology that enables dimensional coordination by selecting a standard dimension unit and its multiples for the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the various space and building components. The standardization achieved by modular coordination saves time and material in a more economical way. Modular coordination is a form of dimensional coordination based on a single module. Modular coordination has many advantages. Compatibility between the components of a building and the building as a whole and the equipment used can be achieved. The compatibility achieved between the dimensions created from the multiples of the main module will provide economy and ease of design. Mass production and quality control of the product can be succeeded with the module concept. The capacity for easy and quick replacement between parts prevents industrial material and time loss. In order to meet the user demands, the necessary physical qualities of the components must be determined and the selections must be based on this criteria. When the components are used in different type of buildings in different climates the same quality level may not be provided. However, a quality threshold can be determined and expressed in the catalogs. In many countries where building process has industrialized, some general dimensional coordination conventions are developed in order to facilitate geometrical compatibility between the parts. The most prominent of these conventions are BES convention in Finland, ACC convention in France and NEN 2883 convention in Holland. The aim of the analysis work presented is to provide an inventory of the prefabricated interior division components produced in Turkey. 20 companies have been investigated in the analysis. There is a large variety in the types of the components produced by these firms. There isn't a dimensional coordination between the components. For this reason, the products investigated should be classified according to their materials such as glass, aluminium, wood and cement based. Except the cement based material users, many companies are selling the products of foreign companies, so it is not possible to observe a dimensional coordination between the products of different countries. However, some companies using cement based materials for non-load bearing interior partition components apply a dimensional coordination. The width of the components are the multiples of 1.20m. Apart from that, thicknesses of some components are close to each other. In spite of these compatible qualities, the existence of a general incompatibility must be stated. As a result of this research, it can be concluded that the prefabricated interior division components produced in Turkey do not possess any compatibility in terms of material or dimensional coordination. Only the products produced by the same company are compatible among each other. In order to install open system in Turkey, a transition period is required. Country wide common dimensions, joint details must be determined and the companies should be urged to comply with these common qualities at their production. xvi
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