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Studies to determine appropriate selection techniques for salt tolerance in barley and rici genotypes

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  1. Tez No: 50665
  2. Yazar: MİRZA MUHAMMAD ASHRAF
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. NAZİMİ AÇIKGÖZ
  4. Tez Türü: Doktora
  5. Konular: Ziraat, Agriculture
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1996
  8. Dil: İngilizce
  9. Üniversite: Ege Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 141

Özet

ABSTRAKT Bu çalışma, arpa ve çeltikte tuza dayanıklı genotiplerin saptanması için uygun yöntem belirleyerek bu yönteme göre seleksiyonlara dayanmaktadır. Her iki bitki için 4' er farklı deneme kurulmuştur. Denemelerde uygun tuz konsantrasyonu, tuz uygulama zamanı ve, saksı koşullarında tuza dayanıklı genotiplerin seçim ve seçilen bazı genotiplerin tarla koşullarında verim ve verim öğeleri gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre tuz uygulama zamanı ve tuz konsantrasyonu açısından saksı koşullarında ekim ile birlikte arpa için 180 ve çeltik için 60 mMol tuz konsantrasyonu tuza karşı dayanıklı genotiplerin belirlenmesi sağladığı saptanmıştır. Bu bulgulara göre 132 arpa ve 120 çeltik materyalinde yapılan seleksiyonlar sonucunda elde edilen 21 arpa ve 20 çeltik çeşidin verim ve verim öğeleri tarla koşullarında karşılaştırılarak, bir çok arpa genotipi tuza dayanıklı olarak belirlenmiştir.

Özet (Çeviri)

TRAKYA, ROCCO, BAL/SZISKIY, BALDO, TOAG-92, having comparatively better performance were selected for comparison among their yield responses to salinity. Data recorded on yield and yield components showed significant differences for genotypes, salinity levels and their interactions. Line 840 17-TR745- 12-1 gave highest yield (486.85 kg/da) under control whereas, under saline conditions line 8303 0-TR648-4-2- 1-1 produced maximum yield (168.82 Kg/da). Correlation studies revealed that number of tillers, grain fertility percentage and 1000-grain weight have higher correlation coefficient with yield under saline conditions as compared to control. From the above results, it is concluded that seedling emergence percentage against 180 mMol NaCl (applied at sowing time) offers a fairly good criteria for selection of barley genotypes against salt stress. In rice, mass screening of genotypes against salinty stress may be carried out by using 60 m Mol NaCl at germination. However, number of tillers, grain fertility percentage and 1000-grain weight can serve as a criterion for selection of rice genotypes towards high yield at a field salinity of 5.5 dS/m. Screening methodology developed for barley with respect to its salt tolerance behaviour gave excellent results. Salt concentration of 180 mMol provides an exact medium for selection of barley genotypes, when application is done at sowing time. The screening may be done by using this method in pots under controlled conditions. This provides a time saving, cheap and reasonably good technique for the purpose. The method also facilitates to compare large number of genotypes in a short span of time. On the other hand studies for evaluation of salt tolerance in barley can not be recommended in the field because environmental control is not possible and leaching of salts due to rains is not measurable. It is also suggested that these studies may be conducted in pots by using soil taken from the saline fields. In this way we can check the environmental effects while conducting studies on naturally occurring soils. 110ROHO/DELISA, ALOE“S”, ARAR, IRANIA/LIGNEE 131, WI-2291/WI-2269 and GERBEL having comparatively better performance were selected for evaluating their reproductive bahaviour to salt stress under field conditions. Data recorded on different yield and yield components indicated that there were significant differences among genotypes for most of the characters studied. However non-significant differences were recorded for salinity levels. This can be attributed to high rainfall during the growing season and leaching of the salts from the rhizosphere. German line No. 56000/MISC-233 gave best performance by producing grain yield as 424.1 and 415.9 kg/ da under lower and higher salinity, respectively. In rice, besides control 60 and 120 mMol salt concentrations were used to evaluate varietal behaviour to salt stress. None of the seedling of any genotype emerged at 120 mMol salt concentration. On the other hand, significant differences were recorded under control and 60 mMol NaCl concentration. Wider variations among genotypes were noticed for emergence as well as for root and shoot length under 60 mMol as compared to control. Under this concentration, maximum and minimum seedling emergence on 15th day of sowing was recorded as 83.33 and 50.00 percent for TOAG- 92 and PALLOGIO-67, respectively. Regarding the times of salinization, rice genotypes differed significantly for their emergence percentage under all times of salt applications as well as control. However, non significant interactions were recorded for times of salinizations and genotypes. This indicates that though salt application affected growth, yet za*&jer time of application has distinguishing effects among rice genotypes at early growth stage. Obviously, 60 mMol NaCl application showed prejudging differences among rice genotypes, this concentration was used for bulk screening of 120 rice varieties. Statistically different behaviour of genotypes towards salt stress was noticed. On the basis of these results, 20 rice genotypes namely, 83 030-TR64 8-4-2- 1-1, BALDO*IZ-30, ALTINYAZI, PALLOGIO-67, 840 17-TR745- 12-1, TIT/IZ-43, BELLOMENT*IZ-30, ISPALA, 83030-TR621-2-1-1-1, IZ-30*KROS, BELLOMENT*IZ-68, KROS424, BAL / KROS, NUC/KROS, 84027-TR75 5-2-1, 109TRAKYA, ROCCO, BAL/SZISKIY, BALDO, TOAG-92, having comparatively better performance were selected for comparison among their yield responses to salinity. Data recorded on yield and yield components showed significant differences for genotypes, salinity levels and their interactions. Line 840 17-TR745- 12-1 gave highest yield (486.85 kg/da) under control whereas, under saline conditions line 8303 0-TR648-4-2- 1-1 produced maximum yield (168.82 Kg/da). Correlation studies revealed that number of tillers, grain fertility percentage and 1000-grain weight have higher correlation coefficient with yield under saline conditions as compared to control. From the above results, it is concluded that seedling emergence percentage against 180 mMol NaCl (applied at sowing time) offers a fairly good criteria for selection of barley genotypes against salt stress. In rice, mass screening of genotypes against salinty stress may be carried out by using 60 m Mol NaCl at germination. However, number of tillers, grain fertility percentage and 1000-grain weight can serve as a criterion for selection of rice genotypes towards high yield at a field salinity of 5.5 dS/m. Screening methodology developed for barley with respect to its salt tolerance behaviour gave excellent results. Salt concentration of 180 mMol provides an exact medium for selection of barley genotypes, when application is done at sowing time. The screening may be done by using this method in pots under controlled conditions. This provides a time saving, cheap and reasonably good technique for the purpose. The method also facilitates to compare large number of genotypes in a short span of time. On the other hand studies for evaluation of salt tolerance in barley can not be recommended in the field because environmental control is not possible and leaching of salts due to rains is not measurable. It is also suggested that these studies may be conducted in pots by using soil taken from the saline fields. In this way we can check the environmental effects while conducting studies on naturally occurring soils. 110

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