İstanbul'da banka yerseçiminin incelenmesi

Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.

Tez No: 55676
Yazar: A.NİLAY TÜRKSEVER EVCİL
Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. VEDİA DÖKMECİ
Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
Yıl: 1996
Dil: Türkçe
Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
Sayfa Sayısı: 62

Özet

ÖZET Hem yerleşik halkın hem de firmaların merkezi terk ederek, banliyölere doğru kayması sonucunda metropollerde yeni alt merkezler oluşmaya başlamıştır. Son yıllarda yaşanan ekonomik, politik ve sosyal değişim süreçleri, Doğu Avrupa'nın pazar ekonomisine geçmesi, Türkiye'nin Gümrük Birliği sürecinde önemli adımlar atması gibi sebeplere bağlı olarak ve dünya coğrafyasındaki jeopolitik rolü sebebiyle İstanbul'un dünya kentleri arasındaki önemi gittikçe artmaktadır. Uluslararası bir merkez konumuna gelen İstanbul'da MİA'nın yer değiştirmesi, yeni kentsel alanların desantralizasyonu ve yeni alt merkezlerin oluşması izlenmektedir. Kent çok merkezli bir gelişmeye sahne olmakta ve şehir eski merkezi ile ikinci (Bakırköy, Kadıköy, Şişli) ve üçüncü merkezler (Beşiktaş, Üsküdar) oluşmuştur. Bu çalışmada tüm dünya kentlerinde MİA'nın en önemli öğelerinden olan bankaların yer seçimi İstanbul metropolü ölçeğinde incelenmiştir. 1961-1993 yıllan arasında İstanbul metropolündeki banka sayısı 374'ten 1395'e yükselmiştir. Aynı dönemde geleneksel MİA'da yerseçen banka oranı ise % 44.7'den % 19.6'ya düşmüştür. Buna rağmen birinci halkada yerseçen bankaların oranı % 42.2'den % 51.7'ye, ikinci halkada yerseçen banka oranı da % 13.1 'den % 28.7'ye yükselmiştir. İstanbul, banka merkezleri açısından da Türkiye'nin merkezi konumundadır. Kentteki mevcut banka Genel MüdürlüHerinin yerseçimi incelendiğinde ise yine tarihi merkezi terk ettikleri, Şişli ve Beşiktaş ilçelerine kaydıkları görülmektedir. İstanbul metropolünde dikkat çekici bir diğer konu da yabancı sermayenin İstanbul'da konumlanışıdır. Gerek Türkiye'de kurulmuş, gerekse Türkiye'de şube açmış olan bu yabancı sermayeli bankalar da çoğunlukla MİA dışındaki ilçelerde yerleşmişlerdir. Metropoliten kentlerde MİA'nın canlı kalabilmesi için servis ve finans sektörünün yerseçimi tercihi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu amaçla İstanbul metropolünde bankaların yerseçimi incelenmiş, tarihi merkezin etkinliğini yitirerek, bankaların oluşan yeni alt merkezlere kaydığı gözlenmiştir.

Özet (Çeviri)

ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BANKS IN ISTANBUL SUMMARY The continuing decentralization of population and business firms in metropolitan areas has formed new centres. Added to this, cities are now growing m polycentres, poles system. Middle and upper income families have moved to the suburbs, leaving the center city and older suburban areas to lower mcome persons. Retailers have expanded m the suburbs to compete for the growing busmess of these higher mcome customers. The future economic base of the central city and particularly its downtown area depend on the continued preference for CBD (central business district) locations by financial and specialized service firms in the urban core. Banks are the most important element of the CBD (central business district) and their distribution give some lights to the development of subcenters in city. CBD' s have traditionally been the center of urban banking activity because of the agglomeration economies. The importance of rapid flows of information among banks and their customers and the difficulty of communication in cities without telephones, fax machines, computers or adequate transportation systems required banks to locate near to the customers and competitors. However, recent technological innovations altered these relationship. In addition, growth of population rising income levels and car ownership enabled residents to move to peripherial districts and the banks follewed them. Technological innovetions of the 20th century altered these relationship. Rising income levels and car ownership enabled residents to move to outlying suburban locations. Retailers and household service firms followed customers to the suburbs to provide convenient shopping and service sites for the new residents. At the same time, with relatively less work and fewer shopping trips being made to the CBD, the bank offices in the centers hava became less convenient. Surveys made in the U.S. indicate that house holds prefer the bank near their houses rather than their workplaces. The mOn the other hand, commercial banks have changed their technological systems. Checks and credit cards have replaced cash to a large extent in transactions. Also, banks have improved the speed of information flows. A second point that the agglomeration economies may be important in grouping lots of banks together. Nowadays, in banking and accounting, there is a strong evidence that in many instances major corporations headquartered in the functional nodal centers must go out of the town to obtain the services they need. In a case study edited by John Morris about the internationalisation of the banking sector of London, it has been seen that the new technological growth, allowed all routine banking works to be automated. This technological change has entailed qualitative changes in work in banking with increased polarisation of the grades. In this research, the aim is to investigate the developping system of Istanbul (monocentric system or polycentric system)on searching banks locations in the metropol. In other words, it is investigated some of the factors influencing location decisions of one industry which is supposed one of the character for identifying subcentres within the metropolitan system : commercial banks The Turkish financial system is mainly dominated by the banking system. Financial market reforms, which have been put into effect since 1980, have led to a diversification in financial activities, where the banks are allowed to engaged in all of these activities, including underwriting securities, trading in securities, establishing and managing mutual funds and managing securities for their customers. The result is a universal banking system where banks are allowed to engage in all financial activities except leasing. A rapid increase in the number of banks has been observed since 1980, due to liberal policies allowed the entry of new banks. The Turkish banking system has progressed to the level whereby it is able to compete with its counterparts throughout the world in terms of the variety of services offered and the modern means applied in doing so. Turkish banks are now able to form joint ventures with foreign banks and open branches in third countries. Istanbul is one of the most beautiful cities in the world which posseses both cultural and historical treasures.Being situated on a site where the continents of Asia and ivEurope meet, it has always had strategic importance in both military and commercial terms. At present, Istanbul is the largest city of Turkey in terms of population and economic activity. The city borders now encase an area of 5773 square kilometers, a sizable part of which lies on the European side of the Bosphorus and the remaining on the Asian side. The population of Istanbul was 806.863 while that of the country was 13.648.000 according to the first census conducted after the foundation of the Republic (in 1927). In the 1990 census the general population turned out to be 56.473.000 while that of Istanbul climbed up to 7.309.190. These figures reveal that in 63 years Istanbul's population increased by 805.88 % while the population of Turkey expanded by 313.78 %. The population of Istanbul is expected to exceed 11 million by the end of the century. Due to Istanbul's economic structure a great number of people have migrated to Istanbul. The following table, which gives the distribution of active population according to economic activity for Istanbul and Turkey, clearly reveals causing internal migration. While 58.95 % of the active population of Turkey is employed in the agricultural sector, only 5.20 % of Istanbul's workforce is engaged in agricultural activities. Here is the distribution of workforce (age 12+) according to economic activity as of 1985. SECTORS Agriculture Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Industry Electricty,gas and water Construction Commerce, hotels and restaurants Transport Finansal institutions Public an private service sektör Other TOTAL The share of Istanbul in the total GNP is more than 23 % and the share of manufacturing enterprises in Istanbul is almost 12 %. The manufacturing enterprisesestablished in Istanbul employ 17 % of the total workforce employed in this sector and their contribution to the value added created in the country exceeds 42 %. Technological innovations of the 20th century altered relationship in cities' activities. Rising income levels and car ownership enabled residents to move to outlying sururban locations. Retailers and household service firms followed customers to the suburbs to provide convenient shopping and service sites for the new residents. At the same time, with relatively less work and fewer shopping trips being made to the CBD (central business district), the bank offices in the center have became less convenient. Surveys made in the U.S. indicate that households prefer the bank near their houses rather than their workplaces. The increased availability of bank offices in suburban shopping centers has made it possible for people to do banking and shopping at the same trip. On the other hand, commercial banks have changed their technological systems. Checks and credit cards have replaced cash to a large extent m transactions. Also, banks have improved the speed of information flows. A second point that the agglomeration economies may be important m grouping lots of banks together. Nowadays, in banking and accounting, there is a storng evidence that in many instances major corporations headquartered m the functional nodal centers must go out of the town to obtain the services they need. In a case study edited by John Morris about th internationalisation of the banking sector of London, it has been seen that the new technological growth, allowed all routine banking works to be automated. This technological change has entailed qualitative changes m work in banking with increased polarisation of the grades. A second analisis Richard Dreese says that banks play an intermediary role in the regional growth process. It is hypothesized that big banks and liberal branching haws are factors significantly associated with rapid countywide economic growth. In their study of NewYork City (Ross, Tranche, 1983) they place it in a class of“global cities”in which are located the command centers of financial and corporate decision- making. They note that cities such as New York, London and Tokyo concentrate the production of cultural commodities that knit global capitalism into a web of material and smbolic hierarchy and interdependence. In these cities are to be found the headquarters of reat banks and multinational corporations that radiate a web of electronic communications and air travel corridors along which capital is videployed and redeployed and through which the fundamental decisions about the structure of the world economiy are sent. In this thesis, spatial distribution of banks in Istanbul has been investigated. It was suggested İstanbul as formed in three parts: Core, first ring, second ring. The core which is the historical centre and the CBD, concern Beyoğlu and Eminönü. First ring the surrounding area is far about 12 km from the core, concerns Beşiktaş, Eyüp, Fatih, Kadıköy, Şişli, Üsküdar, Zeytinburnu. Second ring is about 28 km from the core and Adalar, Bakırköy, Beykoz, G. Osman Pasha, Sarıyer and Kartal. It is found that between 1961 - 1993, the number of banks has increased from 374 to 1395 in Istanbul. In 1961, 44.7 % of the banks were located in the core, but now it decreased to 19.6 %, while the banks in the first ring increased from 42.2 % to 51.7 %, and the banks in the peripherial districts from 13.1 % to 28.7 % in the same period. Core it means the old CBD lost its efficiency. Firms required larger spaces. The old CBD is not sufficient to locate and height of buildings was restncted due to density regulations m the conservation area of the old CBD. On the other hand, some new centers continues to develop along the highways, which can provide large parcels for the modern large office buildings and parking area. The development of banking facilities is a result of internal expantion rather than displacement. Beyoğlu had the greatest number of banks but now Bakırköy is the first. Beyoğlu located m the core, m the old CBD. Bakırköy situated on the second ring. The second's is Kadıköy m 1993, which had less than 40 banks m 1961. The percentage of the banks located in Beyoğlu in 1961 is 24.6 %. This percentage of Bakırköy is 2.9 % in 1961 and 14.4 % in 1993. The district Kadıköy's percentage increased from 9.1 % to 13. 1 % in a period of 32 years. The population is another indicator for this case. In 1965 the population per number of banks in Bakırköy is 12.050. This number decreased to 11.023, which means the banks services improved rather than the increase of population. However, for Beyoğlu case, the population per banks branches has also decreased but, in reality this number has falling down because of its fallen population. It can be said the same explanation for the district of Kadıköy. There were 4.755 persons who profitted from one bank branch but, now ther are 4.586 persons. In this district the number of banks branches increased faster than the population. vuAccording to the results, the banking sector has abandoned the old center and it mainly moved to the new centers in the first ring and second ring where the big companies are located. This decentralization of banks is supported by the construction of the peripherial highways and the technological development in communications. vui

Benzer Tezler

Tez No
634322
Gemiler için çözücü bazlı karbon tutma sistemlerinin incelenmesi
An investigation on the solvent based carbon capture systems for ships
ENGİN GÜLER
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2020
Gemi Mühendisliği İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
Gemi İnşaatı ve Gemi Makineleri Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. SELMA ERGİN
Tez No
783678
Betonarme binalarda zemin kat yüksekliğinin farklı olması durumunda dolgu duvarların etkisinin incelenmesi
The effect of infill walls in reinforced concrete buildings with different ground floor heights
ÖZGE ATEŞ
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
2023
İnşaat Mühendisliği İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. TÜLAY AKSU ÖZKUL
Tez No
66811
Küçük ve orta boy işletmeler ve bölgesel kalkınma: Türkiye örneği
Small and medium size enterprises and regional development: The case of Turkey
NAZMİYE BALTA
Yüksek Lisans
Türkçe
1997
Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. FULİN BÖLEN
Tez No
143093
Türkiye'de üst düzey planlama sistemi ve yönetimine afet yönetimi kapsamında bakış
A look at the upper level planning system and its management through disaster management in Turkey
İ.BAKIR KANLI
Doktora
Türkçe
2003
Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. YÜCEL ÜNAL
Tez No
66373
İstanbul'da iskan alanlarının yerseçiminde hanehalkı nitelikleri ve konut talebi
Household characteristics related to residential location and housing demand in İstanbul
FUNDA GÜLEÇ YİRMİBEŞOĞLU
Doktora
Türkçe
1997
Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı
PROF. DR. FULİN BÖLEN

Geri Dön