Egölem modelinin lagünlere uygulanması
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 55717
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. İ. ETHEM GÖNENÇ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1996
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 107
Özet
ÖZET Su kaynaklan ile ilgili sorunların nitelik ve niceliklerindeki artan karmaşıklar, sorunların çözümünde en uygun olanın saptanması için yeni yaklaşımlara gidilmesi zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Günümüzde bu gereksinimi karşılamak üzere en çok başvurulan teknik su kaynaklan sisteminin matematik modellemesidir. Bu çalışmada da Küçükçekmece Göle Su Kalitesi yönetiminde kullanılmak üzere bir matematik model çalışması yapılmıştır. Modelde kullanılan datalar, İSKİ (1982 - 1989), DSİ (1984 - 1985) ve İ.Ü. (1986 - 1987) çalışmalarından yararlanılarak düzenlenmiştir. İ.Ü. çalışmasında biota ölçümü yapıldığı için model kalibrasyonunda bu çalışma kullanılmıştır. Göle giriş yapan Sazlıdere, Nakkaşdere ve Dereköy'ün debi ve su kalitesi parametre değerleri DSİ' nin Su Kalitesi gözlem yıllıklarından alınmıştır. Bu çalışmaların en önemli eksiği, göldeki deneysel çalışmalarla göle giren akarsularda yapılan deneysel çalışmaların aynı anda yürütülmemesidir. Gölü ekolojik sınıfım belirlemek için OECD tarafından geliştirilen grafik yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bunun sonucunda Küçükçekmece Gölü: Fosfat açısından %5 olasılıkla ötrofik, %50 olasılıkla hiperötrofik bir göldür. Klorafil açısından %50 olasılıkla ötrofik, %5 olasılıkla hiperötrofik bir göldür. Fosfatın hiperötrofik oluşum için yeterli olmasına karşın tuzluluk nedeniyle klorofil gelişimi hiperötrofik seviyeye ulaşamamaktadır. Bu çok önemli bir sonuç olup, tuzluluğun kontrol edilmesinin zorunlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Daha önceki yıllarda göl çevresi gezme, dinlenme, avcılık, çeşitli su sporları hatta yüzme amaçlı kullanılırken günümüzde bu rekreatif kullanımlar günümüzde bu rekreatif kullanımlar, kirlenme nedeniyle önemini yitirmiştir. Oysa, göl çevresi sadece bölge halkı için değil, tüm İstanbul halkının rekreatif amaçlı kullanımları içim son derece uygun bir ortam yaratmaktadır. -xiii-
Özet (Çeviri)
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT SUMMARY The purpose of this study is to develop a model which become helpfull establishing precaution for the orientation of enviromental organization studies and control of pollution via prevention of water quality for the aim of walking, rest amusement water sports fishing in the lake of Küçükçekmece. The length of lake is approximately 7500 m and the width of lake is 900 m in the narrowest place, 4500 m in the widest place. This lake is (approximately % 11) saline, in case of interaction to sea in resticted bedding in connection with not being sufficient depth and perperdicular mixture that is created by wind. The sea water reache quality of lake water which is become infrequent one time in lake, basic parameters of creating saltiness are sodium, potassium,magnesium, chloride and calcium ions. The source of these ions is sea of Marmara except for the calcium ions. The sources of calcium are Nakkaş, Dereköy and Sazlı streams. This concentrated setting will increase a greater quantity that collective residentals are opened to setting. In surrounding of lake, there are centre of nuclear research and a lot of Industrial organization. In drainage area, of present, all these polluter sources of waste waters are poured to the lake. Otherwise, drainage waters of rubber heap of Halkalı İngultrate into lake. For these reason, this lake is polluted physically, chemically and also microbiologically and biological production has increuse. Lake of Küçükçekmece is must prevented from pollution because of being one of the special recreation field of Istanbul and also beneficial consideration of using lake water like a drinkable water. From the action of this decision, at the direction of specified beneficial using, Administration of water quality is become to agenda which serve and control alternatives to develop quality of lake water and among them, short and long term selections are made. In the study of the administration of water quality, one of the most important tools are computer models by the way of developing mathematical models via lake quality change characterization and all kinds stimulations would be made with reflect seen one of future conditions. -xiv-The model which can be stimulated into Küçükçekmece lake across to natural and or artificial effects, would be made characterized the reaction of ecosystem and for the development of administration alternatives have a general structure which have been easily useable by the planers. This model take into consideriation hydrology of lake with water quality physical/chemical/microbiologic parameters and the life in lake (Bacterium, photoplankton, zooplankton,fish and deep water animals) is accepted inside a system totality, at the time, time depended consideration it is called that“ecological model”for example, as a result of making discharge in lake is possible in a time change of water quality and also production. From which depth, would be made discharge to Marmara or how much water would be allowed from Marmara to lake is investigeted with this model. This model takes into consideration loads which would be gone from non-point resources as drainage waters, oozing waters of waste field, deep sedimentation is possible to survey ecologic effect organization of lake enviroment or search throughly in lake. Water quality of Sazlı stream is better in proportion to lake water is which Sazlı stream is stream of feeding lake. Therefore a dam construction is considered on this valley as an alternative for providing drinking water. The rate of flow of Nakkaş stream indicate a large changing in accordance with seasons out of Sazhdere. Dereköy hasn't got a stream characteristics. In summer time, it almost become dry although sometimes finish between fields in accordance condition of rain When the pollution source and waste loads are investigated in this region the pollution source is evaluated as a point and non-point pollution sources. The point polution source is evaluated as a point and non-point resources. The point pollution resources are domestic, commercial an industrial wastewater disharge. The connection channell that disharge salty and dirty water of Marmara sea. Non-point pollution resources is entrance of ground water which drainage water come from various using of field with superficial flow and various leakage waters. Wastewater channel system of Region is least in situation of today wastewater and rainwater channels take part in Ataköy region prepared by İSKİ. Because There isn't a regular channel system in living region, the wastewater of buildings in coast of the lake indirect discharge to the lake. Only or in a group of -xv-septic tank application polluted underground water table This situation that creates serious problem of health in region that provide a large amount of drinkgn water and using water. İn this study involving; Existing sum up the situation - Socioeconomic structure and population - improvement desing and using of field - infrastructure - Meteorological, Geological and hydrological charecteristics - Lake geometry - Pollutant Resources - Lake water quality this studies were done. İn this studies were benefited from experimental studies done by İSKİ (1982 - 1989), DSİ (1984 - 1985) and İ.Ü. (1986 - 1987). The study of İstanbul University were used for model calibration, because in this study biota estimate had been done. In large amount of study experimental studies has been collected together and afterwords this studies has been come into suitable situation. For example, meteorological data which this data were obtained from Yeşilköy Meteorology station were measured every three hour. In this study has been taken on average of this data and this data has been converted to daily average. Whether DSİ or İ.Ü. have got obtain sample in spite of from various depth. İSKİ only has got obtain sample from surface water. Experiment intervals is usually monthly only university of İstanbul analized also photosynthesis pigments. Most of important disadvantage of these studies is that the experimental study at the lake and at the rivers reaching the lake, have not run simultaneously. Graphical system were used to determine ecological category of lake by developed OECD. As a result of this studies Küçükçekmece lake is eutrophic five percent of probability from the posphat point of view and it is hypereutrophic fifty percent of probability from the posphat point of view it is fifty percent of probability from the chloroform point of view and it is hypereutrophic five percent of probability from the chloroform point of view.Posphat is adequate in spite of for hypereutrophic formation, because of saltiness, progress of chloroform can't rise high to hypereutrophic level. This is very important result and it indicates that saltiness control is abligatory. As a result of this studies we can summerize these studies. In the pormer years while enviroment of the lake is using trip, rest, fishing, various water sport and even swimming aim. Nowadays this recreatif usings has lost its importance because of pollution. Today there are only a few restaurant coffee shop and resting house that belongs to municipality in which this resting house have located in connection channel. Whereas enviroment of lake not only for population. -xix-
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