Modernist ve post-modernist yaklaşımların toplu yerleşimleri tasarımına etkisi
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 55753
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. FÜLİN BÖLER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1996
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 119
Özet
ÖZET Toplu konut olayı, sanayi devrimi sonrası, sanayileşmenin getirdiği hızlı değişmelere bir çözüm olarak sosyal ütopistlerin toplu yaşam önerileriyle ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmada sanayi devrimi sonrası gerçekleştirilen yaklaşımların toplu konut yerleşmeleri tasarımına olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Sanayi devrimi sonrasında işçi sınıfının çok kötü düzeydeki barınma sorununa bir tepki olarak sosyal konut olarak ortaya çıkan yaklaşım, 1920'lerde gelişen Modernizmin toplu konut yerleşimleri tasarımına etkileri, batı ülkelerinde konut stoğu ve üretimini etkileyen II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası gelişmeler ve 1970'li yıllarda gelişen Post-Modernist yaklaşımlarla toplu konut yerleşimleri tasarımındaki yeni yaklaşımlar incelenmiştir. Ülkemizde cumhuriyet öncesi ve sonrasında toplu konut yaklaşımları, 1960'larda sanayileşmeyle artan nüfusun barınma ihtiyacına bir çözüm olarak görülen toplu konut yerleşimleri ve 1980 sonrası gelişmeler incelenmiştir. Modernist çerçevede tasarlanmış Ataköy 9-10. Kısım ve Post- Modern yaklaşımla tasarlanmış Ataköy 7-8. Kısım incelenmiştir. Bu iki pilot bölgede yapılan gözlem ve anket çalışmalarıyla, kullanıcıların istekleri ve memnuniyetleri araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, Post-Modern yaklaşımla tasarlanan Ataköy 7-8. Kısım Yerleşmesinin, daha çok kullanıcı istekleri doğrultusunda biçimlenmiş, insanı gözardı etmeyen, kullanıcının sahiplenebildiği bir çevre olarak algılandığını göstermiştir. XIII
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY THE EFFECT OF MODERNIST AND POST-MODERNIST APPROACH İN THE DESIGN OF MASS HOUSING SETTLEMENTS Firstly, mass housing concept is seen in Kanun VVorker Settlement in Ancient Egypt. Mass housing appears as a solution against increasing housing problems of high number of workers after industrial revolution. in the mass living proposals of social utopians, the aim is to rehabilitate the living conditions of the people who have limited economical power. The main ideology was“individuality”and“spontaneity”for post-industrial revolution period; quite the contrary, the living environment is defined and determined in this utopias. in 20's improving modernist movement appeared as a reaction of an individual who felt alone against the rapid social and technological improvement that had been realized by the means of industrial revolution. in modern architecture approach, the main purposes were both to put the fair living conditions of the post industrial revolution era to a better level and to provide the betler health conditions including maximum sunshine, climate and green area for the habitants. in this period, the urban facilities and standards were defined to provide the optimum living conditions. The new production methods that came along with the improving technology such as prefabrication and standization were used for the mass housing. XIVAfter the second war, in the mass housing projects, some objects such as the qualification and rationalization were ignored in order to cover the increasing house demand. In this era, it has been realized that the most of the applications created negative effects for most of the users. By means of the improvements in social sciences and the result of the analysis of the relationship between human and physical environment, the modern architectural approach converted into the flexible and pluralist approaches. The physical structure which is the main purpose in modern architecture left itself for the reflection of the social structure to the space, the attitude in post modern approach, brought the concepts such as the integrity of the urban elements, the conservation of the historical continuity, the suprising spatial design and being at the human scale. In Turkey, the second half of the 19th century, with the westernization movements during Sultan Abdülaziz Era, Beşiktaş Akaretler serial houses that had been constructed for the people living palace were the first mass housing application. The increasing general housing problem after the first world War and the accommodational problems of the new-comer civil officers right after the proclamation of Ankara as a capital city of the new republic were tried to be solved with mass housing projects prepared by the western planners. The mass hosing projects were created as a solution to the squatter problem coming out of the immigration from the rural to urban because of The Industrialization at the 50's. They xvwere counted as a modernist approach. in this applications, qualifications and the users' satisfaction had not been taken into account; it was just the point of the accommodation of the masses of people. The post modern approach can easily be seen in the mass housing projects of the 80's; construction and environmental quality, the users' satisfactory were the credits to be paid attention; as a matter of fact, it has been caught by the idea that designing is the catalyzing factor for the profitability. in this research, both in western countries and in Turkey, The modernist and post modernist approach that are effective in the design of the mass housing settlements are compared through Ataköy 9-10. Division and Ataköy 7-8. Division. The Comparison of The Modernist and Post Modernist Approaches in The Design of Mass Hosing Settlements. ModernismPost Modernisin Settlement Pattern -Rational, functional structure- Organic structure -Physical function (health,- The reflection of the social sunshine, climatization, greenstructure on the space, the area ete.)concepts identity and image. -Singularity- The gathering of the building and spatial assembly -Vertical density- Mostly horizontal density and cornucopia of the density XVI-Sudden transition betvveen- The degradation between the the private and the publicprivate-semi public-public spacespace -Insuffient human scale- Spaces at the human scale Housing -Net and püre expression- Humouristic, symbolic, mixed expression -Ignorance of the historical - Respect for the historical referencesand vernacular values -Rigid, mechanical, degrees - Animated, dynamic facades of 90', no ornamentation on facades Commercial Area -Collective commercial- Collective and dispersed activities, shopping mallscommercial activities Transporsportation -Proper and geometric street - Organic street pattern pattern -Masses of autoparking lots - Fragmented, house related, not integrated with the space human scale designed autoparking lots -Monotonous and non- Surprising and scaled integrated pedestrian wayspedestrian ways XVIIin this study, an additional research had been done about the mass housing settlements, in order to catch the effect of the modernist and post modernist approaches on the users, in an empiric way. in the research, Ataköy 9-10th Division, designed in a modernist approach, and Ataköy 7-8th Division, designed in a post modernist approach were studied. According to the questionnaires and observations, the habitants of the 7-8th Division seem more satisfied of their living environment than the habitants of 9-10th Division. XVIII
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