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Girne yerleşmesinde halkın turizmin çevresel etkilerini algılaması ve değerlendirmesi

Assesment of resident attitude towards tourism in Girne

  1. Tez No: 66817
  2. Yazar: AYŞEN BOZKUZU
  3. Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. HANDAN TÜRKOĞLU
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1997
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Şehirsel Tasarım Bilim Dalı
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 143

Özet

ÖZET Dünyada giderek daha fazla ülke ekonomik kalkınma için turizme önem vermektedir. Turizmin sağladığı ekonomik faydaların yanında, evsahibi durumunda olan ülkelerin turistik alanlarının sosyal dokusu ve doğal çevresi üzerinde etkilerinin de incelenmesini gündeme getirmiştir. Evsahibi ülke halkının turizmi, turizmin ekonomik faydası yanında sosyal ve çevresel etkilerini nasıl değerlendirdiği konusunda birçok araştırma yapılmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti 'nde turistik açıdan önemli bir yer tutan Girne bölgesinde yaşayan halkın turizmin etkilerini nasıl algıladığı ve buna karşı nasıl bir tutum içinde olduğunu irdelemektir. Bu araştırmada 75 konut ve 85 ticaret tesisi olmak üzere toplam 160 anket uygulanmıştır. Burada ticaret ile uğraşan kişiler turizime daha bağlı olmalarına rağmen bu kişilerle halkın arasında bir görüş ayırımı olmadığı da yapılan anket soruşturmasının değerlendirmesinde ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuçlar, Girne'de yaşayan halkın turizme karşı olumlu görüş beslediği bu sektörün geliştirilmesi gerektiği görüşüne rağmen olumsuz etkileri konusunda da planlama çalışmaları ile bunların önlenmeye çalışılması konusunda ılımlı olduklarını göstermektedir. Halkın turizmin çevresel etkilerini algılamasında Faktör Analizi yöntemi kullanılmış ve bu faktörler şöyle belirlenmiştir: Faktör 1 : Turizmin olumlu çevre etkileri, Faktör 2: Turizmin olumsuz sosyal etkileri, Faktör 3: Turizmin olumlu ekonomik etkileri Faktör 4: Turizmin olumsuz ekonomik etkileri, Faktör 5: Kalabalıklaşmanın olumsuz etkileri, Faktör 6: Turizmin olumsuz çevre etkileri Buna göre halkın birinci derecede fiziksel çevre üzerindeki etkilere önem verdiği görülmektedir. Turizimin ekonomik faydalan yanında bu sektörün getirebileceği olumsuz etkilerin de farkında olan halk turizm yönünde yapılmış olan planlardan memnun olmadığı ve turizmin planlı bir şekilde geliştirilmesi görüşünde oldukları ortaya çıkmıştır. IX

Özet (Çeviri)

ASSESSMENT OF RESIDENTS' ATTITUDE TOWARDS TOURISM IN GİRNE ABSTRACT Tourism, like many other industries, is often use as national or regional development tool. Since it generates new employment opportunities for large numbers of local resident, tourism creates new working relationships, tourism creates new working relationships, new forms of social stratification and transforms social institutions which accompany beliefs, attitudes, and values. In addition to economic and social effects, tourism development produced such environmental effects, as crowding, noise, litter, property destruction, pollution and the appearance of holiday homes. Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is smaller than Sicily and Sardinia, larger than Corsica and Crete; its area is 9,851 square km. It lies 60 km south of the Karamanian of Turkey, 96 km west of the coast of Syria, and about 385 km north of Egypt. The climate of Cyprus as a whole is beneficent and the death rate is one of the lowest in the world. The winter is mild and invigorating and on the plains and coastal belt the temperature rarely falls below freezing point, although the southern mountains are usually snow-covered in December for several weeks.In summer it is hot and dry on the plains and humid on the sea shore, while the climate on the hills inland is equable and bracing. The rainy season lasts from October to March but the fall is not heavy. There are few days during the year when the sun does not shine. Cyprus is a paradise island of incomparable natural beauty and historical richness situated in the turquoise waters of the Eastern Mediterranean, 70 kilometers south of Turkey. Luxury hotels, natural beaches, and traditional Turkish hospitality combine to make North Cyprus an ideal holiday island. Situated on the north coast of Cyprus, Gime, with its 6000-year-long history, unique remains of countless civilizations, miles of natural beaches, calm sea, and mild climate, is the perfect holiday resort. Bounded to the north by the sea and to the south by the Beşparmak Mountain range, it offers the benefits of both sea and mountain air, and is thus an ideal resort for health and relaxation - indeed, many foreigners have retired here. The beautiful harbor is dominated by a majestic castle which houses a museum containing the remains of an ancient ship which was salvaged from the sea. There are several mosques and churches to see in the town, and the Museum of Folk Arts, and the Museum of Decorative Arts and Painting are well worth a visit. The purpose of study is to determine resident attitudes to the economic, sociocuhural and ecological impacts of tourism development in Girne, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. In this study questionnaire form is applied in local residents. The questionnaire was designed to opinions on tourism development and impact, including economic effects, social and cultural effects, environmental effects and demographics of respondents. XIIn May 1997, personal interviews were conducted by male and female in Girne, 160 respondents completed the survey, with the sample being randomly. To test the perceptual or cognitive dimension of attitudes a satisfaction. Scale has been used. This provides a relatively straightforward measure of how residents evaluate objects. To measure the affective dimension statements in a Likert scale were used. Respondents were asked to rank their responses to the questions on tourism impacts on a six-point agreement / disagreement scale. By using a continuous scale like this, it is possible to compute two measures of responses. The first is the usual percentage of respondents agreeing with the statement. The second is a mean score which reflects the intensity of agreement. The latter provides a more meaningful method of ranking items then by using simple percentages. Nonresponses did not exceed six percent of any one question in this part of the questionnaire. (Individual impact items were measured by way of a six-point Likert scale ranging from high negative impact =“1”and high positive impact=“6”.) When the result were tabulated, the individual survey items were grouped into three categories: Economic, sociocultural, and ecological effects. However, some overlaps exist since several questions involve tradeoffs between various effects. Nevertheless, these preliminary result are useful in giving some indications of the overall impressions of the survey respondents to the various effects of tourism. In general respondents expressed a very positive attitude towards tourism. Concerning the economic impact of tourism, the survey results show that there is strong agreement on the positive economic benefits of tourism. However, the respondents recognize that just as their standard of living increases due to tourism, so does the cost of living. It is interesting to note that significantly more people are willing to attribute their rise in living standard to tourism, then are willing to blame tourism for the high cost of living. xnOf the nine questions on economic benefits and cost. It is surprising that respondents who working industry did not respond differently from those who hold non-tourism related job. Similar to the high agreement on positive economic benefits of tourism, is the strong agreement on the sociocultural impact emphasize the positive benefits of tourism. This include such items as variety of entertainment, meeting tourists as valuable educational experience, need for more historical and cultural exhibits, desire to meet tourists and learn more about their culture, tourism“cultural exchange”giving us better understanding of the world. There area positive impacts of tourism. Despite the high levels of agreement on both the positive economic and cultural benefits of tourism. Girne residents are strong agreement on the positive environmental benefits of tourism, too. The respondents agree that grovides more parks and recreational areas. Surprisingly, the majority do not agree that tourism brings about more traffic problem and overcrowded outdoor recreation. As far as ecological impact is concerned, there is general agreement that blame tourism for environmental decline which they consider can be controlled by long- term governmental planning. The current study investigated local residents' perceptions of the social, economical and ecological consequences of tourism on the town on Girne. The result of the study suggest several tentative observations about resident attitude towards tourism. The studies that have been conducted on the social impact of tourism, including the present one, undoubtedly point to a single conclusion: the social impacts of tourism are never universal. Clearly, the intensity and direction of the impact depend on a variety of socicultural and economic factors related to local areas and destination communities. Further, it is closely associated with the nature of tourism activities, the personal characteristics of tourists and the rapidity and intensity of tourism development. However, only XIIIthrough the accumulation of knowledge that results from the conduct of such cooperative studies in various regions of the world can one better understand tourism's social impacts. The finding of the survey show that some expected results, such as a strong perception of the economic benefits of tourism, are not found; instead, the positive sociocultural benefits are recognized. Opinions on ecological impact are rather ambivalent But the importance of government participation in establishing penalties for improper behavior and long-term environmental planning is strongly supported. It is also found that there is a strong relation between economic dependency on tourism and positive perceptions of economic benefit, plus closer awareness of sociocultural cost and negative environmental impact. Finally, the study illustrates the importance for tourism policy makers and planners to seek residents' opinion in advance of starting development actions instead of just“adapting”plans and programs which have been successful in other parts of the world. XIV

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