The performance of constructed floating wetlands
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 716780
- Danışmanlar: DR. XUANHUA DUAN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Matematik, Mühendislik Bilimleri, Mathematics, Engineering Sciences
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2020
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: University of South Australia
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 117
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
Constructed Floating Wetlands are mainly used for the purpose of removing pollutants from water. The structure consists of planted wetland plants which intern facilitates and encourages sediments found in the water to settle and remove nutrients through plant roots. Plant roots are known to be vital in the treatment processes in a wetland system as the water travels via an extensive root system that hangs underneath the floating mat. CFWs have been categorized as environmentally friendly and sustainable technology for the water treatment. The system does provide economic, and social as well as ecological benefits. CFWs have been a rising technology that is being used effectively for domestic, industrial wastewater and stormwater treatment over a few decades. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of Constructed Floating Wetlands using two local selected plants called Baumea rubiginosa and Phragmites australis under various water types in terms of pollutant removal i.e. Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorous (P) and growth of plants. Secondly, there is a need to determine the change in water quality in response to plant and root growth by determining the turbidity of the water, pH, conductivity, nutrient levels which include TN and TP. Furthermore, the selected plant species are exposed into an open flume channel to assess the impact of root biomass on flow dynamics. The data obtained would provide a basis for further studies to be conducted using a Computational Fluid Dynamics through the real root structures. An attempt to collect current and past literature were carried out and a more detailed in sight to factors that enhance the performance of the CFW is discussed. The thesis is broken down into four parts, the first part was to observe the ability and growth of the local plant species under different water types such as stormwater and wastewater. During the study period, the plant's roots and shoots were measured. About five measurements were taken for the shoots starting from the highest plant to the lowest randomly. This was done to determine whether there was growth in the plants. As a result, both plants can survive and grow well in higher nutrient but Phragmites australis cannot survive in low- to none-nutrient water. Secondly, throughout the study period, the water levels were measured and adjusted every 10 days, the pH level was adjusted every 15 days (pH level: 7 ± 0.5) at the same time. From the experiments, it was deduced that the water uptake in plants were high in larger plant biomass as a consequence of high initial nutrient level, and evapotranspiration, and the pH was increased in parallel to an increased temperature of weather. The analysis of nutrients Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorous (TP) was done using NATA accredited lab i.e. ALS Geochemistry lab. Water samples from each IBC tanks were collected, labelled, and sent to the lab for the nutrient analysis. In instances where if the nutrient levels were below the standard, the nutrient levels were adjusted. In this context, for TP potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), and for TN, solid potassium nitrate (KNO3) were used respectively to maximize the levels. In the end of the study, the efficiency of TN and TP was put on investigation, and it was noted that Baumea rubiginosa has a higher capability of nutrients uptake than Phragmites australis, and the efficiency of TN uptake was determined from 24% to 75%, and it was recorded from 25% to 67% for TP through Baumea rubiginosa. Moreover, the quality of water was determined through testing of turbidity, conductivity, nutrient levels, DO and DOC (measurement as UV absorbance at 254 nm). Thus, it was found that turbidity was mostly ix depended on the weather condition. On the other hand, the conductivity variation was due to re-dose and salt uptake by plants, and it also indicated both plants can survive in high salinity freshwater. The UV254 was found high in higher initial nutrient level, it but did not decrease due to season and temperature. Thirdly, the plants were subjected to a flume test to understand the effect of root porosity in different flow directions using actual plant roots. Previous studies indicate that no real plants were used in enhancing the outputs of CFD model. It was noticed higher root density can affect the flow more and lead to a higher head loss. Hence, PA_W4 and PB_W4, which two plant species have grown up in wastewater condition, and had a denser root structure among other plant types. As a result, both plant types brought about a higher head loss between upstream and downstream at three different flow velocities than other plant types. Depending on velocity values the head losses were recorded from 0.02 to 0.55 m, besides some plant porosities did not lead to any head loss due to their thin root structures. One, completing of the flume test process, the plants were harvested from their roots and shoots. The mass of whole body of plant was determined measuring shoot and root mass, and the volume of root was also examined to make a comparison between root volumes for all plant types creating head loss through flume test. Each plant root was measured by immersing them into a 1000ml volumetric cylinder filled up to 1000ml line on a weighing scale to convert the water weight to root volume. Following that, the samples of root and shoot were subjected to drying process at 60 °C, thereupon they were shipped to APAL lab for nutrient analysis. All in all, throughout the project, the opportunity was obtained to assess the grow rate of Baumea rubiginosa and Phragmites australis as well as determining nutrient uptake efficiency for each plant species in different water types. Besides the observation of water quality changes, the flume test was conducted to determine the level of impact of roots on flow dynamics through real plant's roots, and a wide range of data collection was obtained to enhance the accuracy of CFD through flume test.
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