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Otomatik kontrollu tork standardı makinası dizaynı

Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.

  1. Tez No: 75412
  2. Yazar: ÇETİN DOĞAN
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. TALHA DİNİBÜTÜN
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1998
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Makine Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 130

Özet

Bu çalışmada, Statik tork ölçme araçlarının kalibrasyonuna yönelik olarak, iki ayrı tipteki tork standardı makinasının tasarımına ve otomatik kontrolüne yer verilmiştir. Öncelikle tork standardı makinaları için belirlemeler yapılarak, basit modellerle kritik elemanların mukavemetine gidilmiştir. Konstüriktiv tasarımdan sonra, makinaların istenilen fonksiyonları yerine getirecek geri beslemeli bir otomasyon sistemiyle konum kontrolüne yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda 1 ile 220 Nm arasında ki tork değerlerini 5 x 10“5 lik bir bağıl belirsizlikle gerçekleyen (oluşturan) kayar kütleli tork standardı makinası, ve 20 ile 2200 Nm arsında ki tork değerlerini 2 x 10”5 lik bir bağıl belirsizlikle gerçekleyen ölü ağırlıklı tork standardı makinası tasarlanmıştır. Bu iki ayrı tasarımın sonucunda, iki ayrı tork standardı makinasının karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır.

Özet (Çeviri)

Introduction Measurement of the torque is generally applied to get the real value of mechanical power. This power can be either the power necessary to run the system, or the power produced by the system. Another necessity of making a torque measurement is a need for an analysis of mechanical stress and deformation. In this study, two different types of torque standard machine are theoretically constructed and principally controlled in order to make static calibration of torque measuring devices, used to realise aformenti and purpose Machines of this study are to be designed to fulfil the requirements of a primary level metrological laboratory. Both of these machine are to realize torque unite within Si-system of units. The unit of the torque is 'Newton-meter' [N m] and torque is a drived unit. By definition, Torque is a rotational effect of force around a point and formulated as follows. Torque = Distance (Level arm) x Force 1 f = f x F 2 \f \= \r |. \f I. Sin (6 ) 3 Calibration machines to be desgined, are to be used in National Metrology Enstitutes and also to be placed at the top metrological level of torque scale, They are called as“Torque Standard Machines”by princip. Torque standard machines are not only used to realize national torque scale, but also used to make international intercomperison studies in order to get international measurement scale in quantity of torque. Xlll2. Realisation of torque measurement unit Unit of torque is realized by machines that run by defination of static torque, and they are in two types. First, the machines which use the effect of changing forces m a lever arm having certain and costant point of application of forces. Second, the machines which use the effect of certain and constant of force on a level arm having changing application point of forces. Either of these two types of machines, forces and length of level arms are to be well determeined in order to be able to achieve torque values with desired accurecy. With this aim, realize the force with diserd accurecy most accurate method is to get force with the help of dead weights. F = K -m -glocal.(1--£a_) 4 Value of force realized by dead weight s are to be evaluated taking into accont the contribution of local gravitational accaleration and bouyoncy effect of air. With this method force can be achieved with an uncertainty of 1 x 1 0“5. Length of the level arm can be measured by using 3-D coordinate machine. With this device, lxlO”5 uncertainty values are possibly obtained. During the realization of torque unit, it is also important if there is ashear force carried together with torque. That's why torque standard machine must be capable of appliying torque values with and without of shear force depending on construction of torque measuring device to be calibrated. Fist type of torque standard machines;. Dead weight torque standard machine. Torque standard machine with referance force transducers. Hydraulic type torque standard machine Second type of torque standard machines;. Torque standard machine with sliding dead weight XIVLength“level arm' [m] Mass ”m“ [kg] Time [s] Force ”F = m. giocai. ( 1 - Pair / Pmass)“ [N] TORQUE T=l-F-sin(7r/2)”[Nm] TORQUE STANDARD MACHINE Figure 1. Realization of torque in SI- system of units. 3. Torque measurement Measuring device used for torque measurement can be classified under three headings; 1. Absorption type 2. Driving type 3. Transmission type XVAbsorption type torque measuring devices: This type of devices are dissipoting mechanical energy while making measurements. Water brakes, Prony braks, static torque transducer, torque table, and Eddy- current dynamometers are the example of thistyp. In this group, static torque transducers are widely used devices and they have strain gages. Driving type torque measuring devices: Electric motors and generators are in this type. Applied torque value can be achieved in relation with current and voltage applied to equipment. Transmission type torque measuring devices: This type of devices have no effect on the system in which they are placed to make measurements and they are widely used in dynamic measurements. They are mainly in two group.. Dynamic torque transducers with strain gages.. Optical transducers (measure twisting angles at their sides of measuring shaft and evaluates the difference between those two angles). Measurement of torque is realised either by direct ring devices mentioned, or by using a constant length level arm and evaluating the value of masses applied on the end of level or by using force transducer. While calibrating torque measuring devices, repeatability, hystherisiz, zero point error, enterpolation error, resolution error of them are tried to be observed. Adding the error of calibrating machine to this components, total error value of torque measuring device is evaluated. 4. Torque standard machine specification In either machines forces are produced by hanging dead weights. Most critical part of the machine is level arm. Each and every deviation of level arm from horizontal position effects on required torque value this with respect deformation of level arm gains a certain importance. Following formulas give deformations of level arm under maximum loading conditions. /CO- Fl 3 r 3EI f(y)2-i(f)3 XVI/.(*)= whc wl x 2“2 WX 6EI 4EI 2AEI y': deformation due to the applied force. y”: deformation due to the weight of the lever arm Finite element analysis result of level arm deformation for two machines are given as follows (deformation value is in mm). resits: ?- ex. i.snsss s.uro set i str*a - mi «Jsts mut ?:«t-et mi 3.XCW3 KFOBRnOM 1- B.C. l.BtSUKDOir l.UMJ SET I OttplKtvwftt - HFC HHIt Q.eBEW ?*& 3.8TC-K nuvc or Wt nw WUE 0P1I0«KTUn S.35E* atı* cesu.1^ i- ax. utasmwDwr i.wboset ı Pice Ucwe»t - * HPft-3.?

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