İstanbul-Paşaköy-B.Bakkalköy arası enerji nakil hattı kamulaştırma bilgi sistemi pilot çalışması
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 75482
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. GONCA COŞKUN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Jeodezi ve Fotogrametri, Geodesy and Photogrammetry
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1998
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Jeodezi ve Fotogrametri Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 130
Özet
Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, günümüz dünyasında, hemen her alanda kullanımına ihtiyaç duyulan Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS)'nin önemini vurgulamak ve bu konudaki kavranılan açıklamaktır. Aynı zamanda, Kamulaştırma faaliyetlerine yönelik bilgi sistemi oluşturma pilot projesi ile, Enerji Nakil Hattı (E.N.H.) tesisleri kamulaştırma işlemlerinin CBS ile uygulanabileceğini göstermektir. Son yıllarda hızla gelişen bilgisayar teknolojileri sonucu beliren yeni gereksinimlere cevap verebilmek için kadastro ve tapu verilerinin ilişkilendirilmesi, birlikte sorgulanması ve bir veri tabanı sistemi oluşturulması için NETCAD programı kullanılarak bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu teknik çalışma kapsamında kamulaştırmanın ve bunun bilgi sistemi içindeki yeri değerlendirilmiş, oluşturulan model, yapılan çaılışmalar ve edinilen deneyimler anlatılmıştır. İlk bölümde kamulaştırma faaliyetlerinde karşılaşılan sorunlar ve bu sorunların irdelenmesi, sorunların çözümünde coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinin kullanılması ve sistemin getireceği yararlar vurgulanmış ve bu çerçevede çalışmanın amacı belirlenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, CBS ile ilgili tanımlar üzerinde durulmuştur. CBS' nin bileşenleri açıklanmış, veri toplama yöntemleri aktarılmıştır. CBS 'nin gerçekleştirilmesinde izlenmesi gereken aşamalar açıklanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde, Bölüm 2' de açıklanan aşamalar izlenmiş, kamulaştırma çalışmalarına yönelik kent bilgi sisteminin oluşturulması sırasında sistem analizi ile kamulaştırma faaliyetlerindeki mevcut durum, veriler, işlemler, ürünler, sorunlar, beklentiler ortaya çıkartılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirmelere göre kamulaştırma faaliyetlerine yönelik bir bilgi sistemi tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılacak kişisel bilgisayar ve Netcad yazılımı gözönüne alınarak, veri tasa rımı fiziksel tasarıma dönüştürülmüştür. Dördüncü bölümde tez çalışmasının beklentileri karşılayıp karşılamadığı, CBS' nin yaygınlaştırılması ve geliştirilmesinin gerekliliği, sistemin ne gibi faydalar sağladığı üzerinde durulmuştur. Tasarım ve uygulama programlan bir pilot proje alanında pratik olarak sınanmış ve uygulama yapılmıştır. Uygulama sonucunda sistemden beklenen sorgulamalar, raporlar, çıktılar alınmış ve sunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak bu sistemin yaygınlaştırılması ve geliştirilmesinin gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Yapılan bu tez çalışmasında amaçlanan ülkemizdeki kamulaştırma politikasını irdelemek değil, kamulaştırma çalışmalarının hedeflenen zamanda tamamlanabilmesi için, bir pilot proje bölgesinde CBS olanaklarından yararlanmanın getireceği faydaların anlatılmasıdır.
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY A PLOT STUDY ON NATIONALIZATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEM OF PAŞAKÖY-B.BAKKALKÖY, ISTANBUL AREA POWER TRANSMISSION LINES Turkish Power Transmission-Production Company (TEAS) was founded with the aim of establishing new electrical power facilities (power lines, distribution centres and transformer sites) as well as maintenance and rennovation of existing facilities for the greater purpose of making electrical energy, which has become on the major sources of industrial and social devolopment in the 20th century, available nationwide from the largest city to the smallest village. In order to establish a link between land registery and deed data, develop a general database system and to run queries covering both fields, a survey has been performed with the use of NETCAD program. Information systems is an organized collection of hardware, software, geographic data and personnel to efficiently capture, store, manipulate, analyse and display all forms of geographically referenced data. In this study, phases of system planning are examined and a pilot project that was planned to be applied on rural areas is implemented. In addition, procedures followed, problems encountered, analytical tools used (database design, different queries and analyses and results obtained are presented. The study consist of five chapters and additions. The first chapter, main problems which are encountered in Turkish cities, the effects of municipal activities on these problems, the use of geographic/urban information systems in solving the problems, and the benefits of using this system are emphasized. The aim of this study has been determined within this contex. The second chapter focuses on concepts of information systems and geographic information systems (GIS). The technological devolopment of GIS, various types of GIS, its compenents and the implementation of such systems are discussed. As a conclusion, the stages to be followed for the further devolopment of the system are determined and explained. In the third chapter, following the steps explained in the second Chapter, the existing situation, data, processes, products, problems and expectations have been layed out, which are related to the systems analysis as part of the devolopment of urban database systems and nationalization activities. As a result of these evaluations, adatabase system to be used in nationalization activities has been designed, and the conceptual database design has been transformed into a physical system with the limitations of a personal computer and the NETCAD program taken into consideration. The application (queries, reports and outputs) have been presented. In the forth chapter, it has been observed whether the study could satisfy the expectations. In addition, the problems encountered during the implementation of the system were given, and the problems emerging from both hardware and software were discussed. When the classical systems and the geographic information systems implemented in this thesis are compared; it can be obviously seen that the geographic information systems serve us benefits with time, cost, personnel, productivity and standards. Itis openness and ease of use bring a more convenient working environment to the people working in this field. As a result, the need for devolopment and more widespread use of this system has been stressed. The purpose of this thesis is not to chritisize the nationalization policy in our country, but rather, through the application on a pilot project site, to present the benefits of using geographic data systems for the timely completion os nationalization activities. GIS had been one of the key subprojects envisaged in the National Information System project. GIS is a location specific description of the world around us which can be seen as a very complex system envisaging physico-ecological and socio economic sub-systems that always interact. The attempts of a digital description of that world create a computerized GIS which is usually a partial description of the world in relation with some feature tasks. Today, GIS is a multibillion-dollar industry employing hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. GIS is taught in schools, colleges, and universities throughout the world. Professionals in every field are increasingly aware of the advantages of thinking and working geographically. Recent GIS Developments in Turkey Recently, GIS and RS have gained a momentum in Turkey. Universities, research institions, private sector and public sector organizations have initiated programs in GIS and RS. Therefore technical knowledge and knowhow about GIS is ste adily improving. This is a promising situation and it can rapidly be transformed into a significant national asset if appropriate investment is made into hardware, software and especially manpower. It also requires a government initiative in order to succeed in data management and in the integration of data flows within and between agencies. Many agencies use remote sensing data to provide various levels of input to the GIS database. It is clear that coordination of these activities would be beneficial for all sectors of government and the adaptation of national standards is needed. Within the Turkish Universities there are some GIS and RS programs that are associated with the faculties, departments of engineering and a number these departments which that are associated with some specific application fields, as well. XIThe private sector also has been getting organized to meet an expected demand for GIS equipment and services. There has been considerable investment in hardware, in personnel, and this requires a growth in the market if the capacity is to be produc tive. Vendors for integrated systems with GIS software is already established in Turkey. The success of their commercial activity will depend on the level of governmental concern with geographical data collection and analysis. GIS is valuable tools in data management and data collection, respectively. Since both are inherently geographical, they have major roles in the regional and national planning studies. This is so far understood by major government agencies, and the leading universities in Turkey. As mentioned above, Turkey has already entered the family of nations who started the GIS implementation at several organizational levels. There are many factors that have impact on the success of the implementation of a GIS. Among those factors, the most important ones are system objectives, procedures, data, organization of system management, and people. This means that there are both technical and non-technical factors to be considered by those who want to plan and run such systems efficiently and effectively. GLOSSARY OF TERMS in Thesis.Information Science : The study of computer technologies, human cognition, engineering techniques, and scientific principles directed to the design, implementation and management of information systems..Engineering : The application of science and mathematics in making useful products, processes, and systems for people..Geodesy : Mathematical treatment of the shape and size of the earth. This science utilizes direct measurements made on the earth (triangulation, leveling, astronomic, and gravity measurements) and more recently has made extensive use of global positioning system technologies. The U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS) consists of a constellation of 24 orbital satellites and ground tracking facilities to support navigation, surveying, and spatial information science and engineering activities..Geographic Information Systems : A system of hardware, software, and procedures designed to support the capture, management, manipulation, analysis, modeling, and display of spatially-referenced data for solving complex planning and management problems. Sometimes the term refers also to the datasets contained in such systems..Photogrammetry : The science and art of obtaining reliable measurements and maps from photographs..Remote Sensing : The science and art of acquiring information about an object without physical contact with the object or phenomena under study, typically from a Xsatellite or aircraft. Typical sensors include cameras, lasers, radar, sonar, radio receivers, seismographs, and gravimeters..Surveying : The science and art of determining relative positions of points above, on, or beneath the surface of the earth..Cadastre : A complete and up-to-date official register of land parcels in any state or jurisdiction containing information about the parcels including but not limited to ownership, valuation, location, area, land use, and buildings..Cartography : The science and art of expressing graphically through maps, charts, or visual displays the known features and aspects of the earth or other celestial body. Components of a GIS A working GIS integrates five key components: hardware, software, data, people, and methods. Hardware: Hardware is the computer on which a GIS operates. Today, GIS software runs on a wide range of hardware types, from centralized computer servers to desktop computers used in stand-alone or networked configurations. Software : GIS software provides the functions and tools needed to store, analyze, and display geographic information. Key software components are.Tools for the input and manipulation of geographic information.A database management system (DBMS).Tools that support geographic query, analysis, and visualization.A graphical user interface (GUI) for easy access to tools Data : Possibly the most important component of a GIS is the data. Geographic data and related tabular data can be collected in-house or purchased from a commercial data provider. A GIS will integrate spatial data with other data resources and can even use a DBMS, used by most organizations to organize and maintain their data, to manage spatial data. People :GIS technology is of limited value without the people who manage the system and develop plans for applying it to real-world problems. GIS users range from technical specialists who design and maintain the system to those who use it to help them perform their everyday work. Methods : A successful GIS operates according to a well-designed plan and business rules, which are the models and operating practices unique to each organization Inf. Systems has 5 (five) basic compenants : Operational System is designed to process data generated by the day-to-day business transactions. xiiiManag. Inf. System (MIS) generates timely and accurate information for the top, middle and lower levels of management. Decision Support System designed to help someone reach a decision by summarizing or comparing data from internal and external sources. Expert System combines the knowledge on a given subject of one or more human experts into a computerized system that simulates the human experts' reasoning and decision making processes. And, Integrated Inf. System GIS is a computer assisted system for the acquisition, storage, search, analysis, and display of geographic data. GIS has 3 (tree) basic components:. Spatial (graphic) data * Point * Line * Polygon (Areal Extent). Attribute (non- graphic) data * Descriptive * Quantitative * Qualitative. Time 75 % of the information used by people is geographically referenced. GIS has had an enormous impact on virtually every field that manages and analyzes spatially distributed data. GIS is simply an extension of one's own analytical thinking. It is a tool for thought. Spatial data is the data pertaining to the locational aspect of geographical features together with their spatial dimensions. Attribute data are the description, measurement and classification of the geographic features. Attribute data has descriptive, quantitative and qualitative aspects.. Descriptive : parcel no, owner, vegetation type, etc.. Quantitative : area, volume, value, voltage, etc.. Qualitative : water, air, sail quality, steepness, etc. Time Geographic information can change over time. GIS History : Prior to 1950 --> Multiple theme maps : Lois Bertheir / troop moves (1775-1783); Irish Railway Atlas, Prior to 1980 - > General purpose mapping, Present -> GIS HW / SW development. XIVGIS Applications : Municipal Applications Engineering Applications Forest Development and Management / Erosion and desertification Agriculture and land use, harvest prognoses Environmental Applications (vegetation, pollution,..) Hydrology, water pollution (drainage patterns, water catchment,..) Geology (DTM, fault-line detection, mineral detection) Transportation, Vehicle Tracking, navigation systems,.. Regional Development and Planning Oil Operations Military Applications, archeology, etc. GIS input hardware: Keyboard, command tablet, graphic input device, digitizing tablets, scanners, PC s. GIS output hardware: Plotters, electrostatic / Inkjet / thermal plotters (raster devices), screen copy devices, computer / fax, printers, PC s. The technological developments and availability digital data made GIS input / output more feasible and economical. Database Content. Graphic (point, line, area and text) : Parcel. Non - Graphic (attribute) : Parcel Number, Owner / Agency, Coordinates Tax Value The database management functions help to organize information into a meaningful structure by providing viewing, editing, manipulation and querying. Viewing (browsing, panning, zooming, multiwindow) Editing (select, modify, spatial editing, create spatial features) Manipulating databases (sort & index, join and extract, reclassify) Querying database (SQL, basic spatial query, lines / areas / volume, etc.) Differences Between a DBMS and a GIS : A DBMS is a general-purpose system for managing large volumes of data. Traditionally, DBMSs are designed and used for business applications. A GIS is a system for managing and analysing large volumes of spatial data. A GIS contains a DBMS component. xvApproaches To Define GIS Systems approach. Data input subsystem. Data Storage and Retrieval Subsystem. Data manipulation and analysis subsystem. Data reporting subsystem Transformational Approach Integration Approach Modeling Approach Techniques For Collection Of GIS Data SPATIAL DATA Digitization of Existing Manual digitization COLLECTION Maps Scanning / vectorization Conventional Surveys Tapes, stadia, theodolites, prisms Total stations GPS Surveys DGPS Geodetic Photogrammetry Line mapping Orthophoto Remote Sensing The following is an informal description of data for a land parcel:“each parcel is associated with an identification code, several corner points, the year of last ownership change, and is owned by a person who has a social insurance number, a name, and an address”. Another data schema based on different concepts:“we assume here that the data are organized into tables. A data schema based on the concept of tables could look like this: - Table PARCEL (ID, YEAR, OWNER_SIN) - Table CORNERPOINTS (PARCELJD, X, Y) - Table PERSON (SIN, NAME, ADDRESS) The conceptual organization of a database is termed the data model. The organization of a data file can be described in terms of records (the way a small group of related data items stored - like a row in a table). The classical data models are classified as,. The Hierarchical Data Model. The Netwok Data Model. The Relational Data Model xviThe Hierarchical Data Model : The data are organized in a tree structure. The relations among the entities are defined by the organization of the hierarchy. Every relation is a one - to - one relation many- to- one many- to- many relations. The Network Data Model : It overcomes some of the inflexibility of the hierarchical model as presented below. Data records can be directly searched without traversing. Relation can be many-to- many via intersection record. Network models tend to have less redundant data stonage compared to the hierarchical model. However, more extensive linkage information must be stored. The relations among data elements are encoded in the data base. This provides high speed retrieval, but the data relationships are difficult to modify. The Relational Data Model : There is no hierarchy of data fields within a record, every data field can be used as a key. The data are stored as a collection of values in the form of simple records, termed tuples. The table as a whole represents the relationships among all the attributes if contains, termed a relation. GIS are a somewhat unusual technological innovation in their current state of development in that they require a combination of both centralized and decentralized processes for their effective diffusion through most classes of potential users. Geographic information technologies have enjoyed a steady increase in their popularity as more and more public and private organizations are discovering the benefits for their operations from use of these systems. Along with this popularity has come, in many cases, a sense of disillusionment when newly purchased and installed systems are perceived by the users as not ”living up to their potential." It has been our contention that one of the root causes of the difficulties these local governments have experienced in introducing geographic information innovations is a lack of understanding of the adoption steps required to ensure successful system implementation. Human need for easily accessible information has never been greater and is growing rapidly. Computer and communication technologies, evolving at incredible rates, offer the potential to meet the needs for information any time, any place, and in any format. Spatial Information Science and Engineering is a contemporary discipline which advances the technologies that acquire, integrate, model, analyze, manage, and supply information about land, resources, and the complexities of human interactions with the environment. xvii
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