Bir Osmanlı entelektüeli Hamid Vehbi ve Medrese-i Fünûn Dergisi
Hamid Vehbi, an ottoman intellectual and a review of his Medrese-i Funûn
- Tez No: 824729
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. TUNCAY ZORLU
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Bilim ve Teknoloji, Science and Technology
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2023
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Bilim ve Teknoloji Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Bilim ve Teknoloji Tarihi Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 230
Özet
Osmanlının art arda yaşadığı askeri yenilgiler, askeri olduğu kadar bilim ve teknoloji konusunda da Osmanlının Avrupalı çağdaşlarının katettiği ilerlemelerin çok gerisinde kaldığını ispat etmiştir. Aradaki farkı gören ve kabul eden Osmanlılar başta askeri alanda olmak üzere bilimsel ve teknik reformlara imza atmış, bu reformlar 19. yüzyıla gelindiğinde i vme ve süreklilik kazanmıştır. Osmanlının bilimsel gelişmelere adapte olması kapsamlı ve çok yönlü bir süreç olup bu süreçte başta eğitim olmak üzere çeşitli modern kurumlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu dönemde kurulan modern okullar, diğer kurumlar ve yayınlar d evletin bu yüzyılda geçirdiği değişim ve dönüşümün en belirgin örneklerini oluşturmaktadır. . Osmanlı'da bilimsel gelişmeler neticesinde ortaya çıkan bu modern eğitim kurumlarını bu kurumların müfredatlarına kaynak ihtiyacı, encümenler, bilimsel cemiyetler; bu cemiyetlerin yayın organlarını ise bilimsel dergilerin ortaya çıkışı ve yaygınlaşması tak ip etmiştir . 19. yüzyılda çıkarılan bilim dergilerinden biri olan Hamid Vehbi'nin Medresei Fünûn adlı dergisi, Osmanlı dünyasında yayınlanmış diğer bilim dergilerinde olduğu gibi yalnız döneminin bilimsel gelişmeleri ve yayınları değil dönemin üzerinde görece az durul muş birtakım koşullarını yansıtması açısından da tarih çalışmaları içerisinde oldukça kıymetli bir yere sahiptir. Bunlar aynı zamanda; dönemin, özellikle de 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısının oluşturduğu Osmanlı entelektüelliği ve Osmanlı bilim ve düşünce tarihinin daha iyi anlaşılması açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Medrese i Fünûn dergisi ve Hamid Vehbi üzerine yoğunlaşarak literatürdeki bu boşluğu doldurmak ve Osmanlı tarihinin diğer dallarına nazaran geri planda kalmış olan Osmanlı bilim ve düşünce tarihi alanındaki literatüre daha fazla çalışma kazandırılması için bir adım atmayı amaçlamaktadır. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında çıkarılmış olan Medresei Fünûn dergis7i ve dergiyi çıkaran İstanbullu Hamid Vehbi'nin bir Osmanlı entelektüeli olarak incelemesini yaparak kısa yayın hayatıyla görece arka planda kalmış olan Medrese kazandırılmasını amaçlanmaktadır
Özet (Çeviri)
The continious military defeats of the Ottoman Empire proved that the Empire lagged far behind the advances made by its European contemporaries in science and technology as well as in the military. The Ottomans, who saw and accepted the difference, undertook scientific and technical reforms, especially in the military field, and these reforms gained momentum and continuity throughout the 19th century. The Ottoman's adaptation to scientific developments was a comprehensive and versatile process, and various modern institu tions, especially education, emerged in this era. The modern schools, institutions, and publications established in this period are the most prominent examples of the change and transformation that the state has undergone in this century. These modern educational institutions that emerged as a result of the reforms in the Ottoman Empire, the need for resources for the curriculum of these institutions, committees, scientific societies, the publications of these societies were followed by the emergence and spread of scientific journals in the Empire. When we look at scientific production and publications, there are two main outcomes that could be concluded: The development of scientific thought and journalism in the Ottoman Empire. When one looks at the history of the development of scientific thought, committees and scientific societies stand out to be compared with the examples in England or France. Unfortunately, these communities in the Empire could not long last, and it can be indicated that these communities functioned as hobby clubs where scienti fic conversations were held rather than places for new scientific discoveries like its Euroepan counterparts, partly because of the profiles of intellectuals and partly due to the immaturity of adequate conditions. Some of these scientific societies aimed to inform and educate the public about new and modern scientific methods through public lectures and publications. Since the process of increasing and institutionalizing scientific production was mostly carried out by the state, it is seen that the Ottoman intellectual identity that dominated the 19th century was also shaped by civil servants and teachers who gave educ newly established modern institutions. ation in On the other hand looking at the emergence and development of scientific publications and journals, similar inexperience and innovations are striking. Newspapers, whose political and social benefits were recognized by Mahmud II, could not be separated from magazines in terms of their features and functions for a while. However, later, especially from the 1860s, Ottoman journalism and scientific journals gained great momentum. II. When it comes to the period of Abdulhamid, it is necessary to evaluate the Ott oman science journals in two different ways. First of all, in this period, science journals, like modern educational institutions, developed rapidly, their number and publication life increased, and moreover, they managed to reach much more widespread audi ences. In addition, it should not be ignored that it has reached a certain maturity thanks to the accumulation that has been increasing since the Tanzimat. Apart from that, II. The press control and censorship policies of the Abdülhamid era also significantly influenced perhaps shaped, scientific periodicals. On the other hand, in the 1880s, when the censorship reached its peak, the leading Ottoman intellectuals an d currents of thought, which dominated education and therefore scientific publications, also showed their effects in scientific journals. Hamid Vehbi's intellectual identity and the content of the MedreseI Fünûn should be examined within this context. The study aimed to discuss how and to what extent the currents of thought that influenced the Abdülhamid period, the widespread use of mass m edia and journals, the dominant intellectual identities and of course the political conjuncture affected scientific publications. When all these sources are examined together, it can be indicated that Hamid Vehbi is first and foremost a civil servant. The identity of a civil servant has never been separated from the identity of intellectual and scientific journalism and has directly shaped this identity. It is seen that he continued his civil service life until his last days, from Sinai, where he took his f irst step in broadcasting life. It can also be said that the motivation of educating and informing the public from Sinai is also seen in the content and style of the Medresei Fünûn magazine. The fact that the Medresei Fünûn journal did not deepen in a ce rtain field can be explained not only by Hamid Vehbi's lack of scientific expertise and his civil service, but also by the versatility and lack of deepening in a certain field, which dominates most of the scientific journals of the period. Although most of the Medresei Fünûn journal is a kind of translation or adaptation of foreign articles, its notes and its own interpretations show the effects of movements such as orientalism, social Darwinism, and biological materialism that dominated the intellectual l ife of the period. Moreover, as mentioned before, it is possible to talk about not only the existence of these movements, but also the influence of Hamid Vehbi, who was an Ottoman intellectual, on the world of ideas. The journal, which touches on various s ubjects from history to philosophy, from medicine to statistics, also carries encyclopedist traces in terms of versatility and educativeness. Although the publication life of Ottoman science journals increased gradually, it is not surprising that the Medre sei Fünûn journal was short Hamid Vehbi's journal Medrese-- lived when compared to its peers. i Fünûn, one of the science journals published in the 19th century, has a very valuable place in the studies in history in terms of reflecting not only the scientific developments and publications of the period, but also some conditions that were relatively less emphasized, as in other scientific journals published in the Ottoman Empire. These are also of great significance for a better understanding of the Ottoman intellectuality of the period, especially the late 19th century , and the history of Ottoman science and thought. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by focusing on the Medresei Fünûn journal and Hamid Vehbi, and by drawing attention to the gap here, to take a step to bring more studies to the literatur e in the field of Ottoman history of science and thought, which has remained underrated compared to other research fields of the Ottoman history. It is aimed to attract more focus on the Medresei Fünûn journal which has been relatively neglected in the re levant field by analyzing it along with the biography of Hamid Vehbi of Istanbul, who published the journal, as an Ottoman intellectual. In order to achieve this aim, the study focused on different types of sources. The primary source of focus is the Medresei Fünûn journal, published by Hamid Vehbi, who was the reason for the emergence of the thesis work idea. The fact that the existence of this journal could not get enough space in the literature necessitated more research on Medrese i Fünûn and Hamid Vehbi.After starting the study by translating Medrese Fünûn itself into contemporary i Turkish, I searched the secondary literature about Hamid Vehbi. Although there are not many sources here, I focused on the primary sources in which the name of Hamid Vehbi was mentioned. Some of these sources are the records in th e Ottoman archives and they are important in terms of creating a background and a chronology of Hamid Vehbi, as they give important details about Hamid Vehbi's life, his intellectual career as well as his civil service. In addition, other primary sources such as memoirs, in which Hamid Vehbi's name is mentioned, were scanned. Then, the secondary literature on Ottoman scientific thought and publishing life, especially in the last century, was reviewed in order to verify and interpret the transliterated materials and to examine these details in a broader framework. With the help of the secondary literature, a background regarding the development of Ottoman scientific thought, scientific institutions and p ublications in the last century is presented and Hamid Vehbi and Medresei Fünûn are positioned and examined in this context. The personality of Medrese Hamid Vehbi and the content, style and currents of thought that may have been influenced the i Fünûn work were put into context. Although this study aimed to bring Medresei Fünûn journal and Hamid Vehbi as an intellectual to the literature; More studies are needed in this area, both in order to examine the context in depth and in a multifaceted manner and to understand the relevant journal adequately. Identifying more sources about the journal or Hamid Vehbi in the future and examining these findings in a wider context can provide important references not only for his period, but also for the entire Ottoman history of science and th ought and journalism. It can become a valuable piece that contributes to the wider view of the big picture that will be revealed in the context of the transformation of the Ottoman Empire in its last century.
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