Characterization of epigenetic modifications induced by viral silencing suppressor (VSS) proteins in arabidopsis thaliana
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 854195
- Danışmanlar: DR. GERMAN MARTİNEZ ARİAS
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Biyoloji, Ziraat, Biology, Agriculture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Plant Epigenetics, DNA Methylation, RNA Silencing, Transposable Elements, Epigenetic Pathways
- Yıl: 2019
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 38
Özet
Plants and pathogens compete in a race for survival that constantly alters their genomes and arms them with mechanisms of either defense or virulence. While plants have evolved several pathogenic invasion control mechanisms, they must be well regulated as they are activated at the cost of valuable resources and that results in the inhibition of developmental processes in the host. Viruses are important plant pathogens and are a significant threat to global agricultural production with losses estimated up to 1.5 billion USD for each highly infectious virus every year (C. Gergerich & V. Dolja, 2006; Pennazio, Roggero, & Conti, 1996). In the last decades several viral resistance genes have been introduced by classical breeding methods in several species. However, even though the molecular mechanisms by which these genes are regulated under viral conditions have not been researched in depth, several mechanisms have been suggested including regulations through transcription factors and epigenetics. The first layer of defense against viruses is RNA silencing, a mechanism that defends plants by rendering the virulent genomic materials nonfunctional in the form of small RNAs (sRNAs). Interestingly, plant DNA and RNA viruses can counter-act this mechanism through viral silencing suppressor (VSS) proteins. VSSs interact with the RNA silencing pathway at different steps and inhibit the activity of sRNAs both in the transcriptional/posttranscriptional gene silencing (TGS/PTGS) and RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathways. Many studies suggest relevance between defense gene activation and epigenetic control mechanisms even though its mediators or the extent and level of these regulations are currently a mystery. This study focuses on the characterization of developmental defects caused by two VSS proteins that are known to interact at different levels with RNA silencing pathways: P19 and 2b. For this purpose, transgenic lines expressing VSS proteins were analyzed at the phenotypic, cellular and molecular level. First a measurement of chromocenter sizes was carried out on both lines. Next, we examined the expression of target genes from different RNA silencing pathways. Lastly, we correlated the transcriptional changes observed with the changes at the DNA methylation level through bisulfite sequencing. Gathered results from these analyses proposed most significantly that P19 protein causes DNA methylation accumulation on SNC1 gene and epigenetically down-regulates it.
Özet (Çeviri)
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