Zaman içinde Beckett, Beckett'in zamanı
Beckett in time, Beckett's time
- Tez No: 148550
- Danışmanlar: DOÇ. DR. HASAN BOYNUKARA
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı, English Linguistics and Literature
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2004
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 68
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
20th century was the century of world wars, struggles, economic crises, depressions and disappointments for the mankind. Capitalism, materialism and various militarist doctrines gave rise to immense destructions despite the promises of a bright future and a happy society. All traditional values were either undermined or pushed out of life. The result was a total chaos which eventually led to hopelessness, distrust and disappointment. The even greater shock and disappointment came with the world wars marking the end of Happy Days, to use the title of one of Beckett's plays. The moral and spiritual deprivation ignited a deep crisis in those looking for any such guidance. During the post war period several literary and artistic movements came out such as dadaism, cubism, surrealism, futurism, existentialism and post-modernism. Absurd is one of such movements. Among the pioneers of the movements are the world-wide known authors, playwrights and poets like Eugene Ionesco, Harold Pinter, Jean Genet, Gunter Grass, Arthur Adamov and Samuel Beckett. All of them, with slight differences, handled similar topics and shared the same feelings. They repeatedly took attention to the fall of man in the world of modern value where irrationality replaced rationality, chaos replaced hierarchy, war and conflict replaced peace and stability. And what the absurd playwrights did was just to hold the mirror to the changing social, political and moral conditions which bore no resemblance to the previous ones. Naturally they did not refer to the traditional concepts of action and reaction or cause and effect in their works. They set out finding a new method, new writing strategies to depict the new society, the tragicomic existence of human being properly. Beckett saw all so-called rational actions and reactions irrational and insisted that for a relatively peaceful life, if any, irrationality was the right concept. It was meaningless trying to find out a meaning in an absolutely meaningless world. In the absence of communication how can one expect language to convey the right 62message. And human beings were waiting for Godot who would bring peace and quite, who would never come. Beckett tried to reflect the futile struggle of humanity to establish a coherent and stable life. He was born in Dublin in 1906 and won the Nobel Prize for literature with his most famous play Waiting for Godot in 1969. Beckett was a member of an Irish-protestant family and was brought up in a strictly religious atmosphere which left a great impact on him. So he was thoroughly versed in scripture, as seen by the many Biblical and theological allusions in his works. And as he grew up he found religion 'irksome' When World War I broke out, he was about ten years old and witnessed the sufferings of millions, cruelties, famine and deaths. In the following years Beckett had a chance to make an academic career but his pessimism towards the world caused him to give it up. His met James Joyce while a young playwright and wrote some successful works. Paris occupied and important place in his life where he also met almost all the other famous absurd playwrights of the time. When World War II broke out in 1939, Beckett was in Paris. He joined French Resistance Organization to show his reaction against the war. He made several short trips in France. His pessimism can be ascribed to his experiences of war and its consequences and this can easily be proven when his works written before and after the second world war. His works after forties reflect a great despair. The only way out and the sole salvation for human beings is death and nothing else. For Beckett theatre was the best way to depict the life and the sufferings of man. His plays evolve around a character or characters who has no purpose, no expectation and is pessimistic. Instead of a realistic picture(s) of life, there are only images. Words are used only prove to be insufficient in conveying meanings. Antonin Artaud's view that ideas are useless and that the western civilization is destined to decay and destruction is also true for Beckett. Theatre had to be a ritual and had no mission of correcting the wrongs of society. It claimed no task of giving messages but creating self-awareness in audience. 63Beckett never made any comments about his Works. His open ended plays left thousands of questions in the mind of audience and critics. He silently left the world in a room where he lived on his own in 1989. In this study I attempted to examine the features that made Beckett a timeless playwright, a novelist and a poet of his time. How were the conditions during his time and how was conceived by readers, audience and critics.
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