Mevcut konut stokunun sıhhileştirilmesi üzerine bir çalışma Yedikule İmrahor mahallesinde bir uygulama
A Study on upgrading the existing housing stock implementation in Yedikule-the Imrahor neighbourhood
- Tez No: 21847
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. S. METE ÜNÜGÜR
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1992
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 107
Özet
ÖZET Mevcut konut stokunun sıhhileştirme ile sağlıklaştırılması konusundaki bu tezin amacı; sağlıklaştırma problemini somut bir çözüme kavuşturmak üzere, sağlıklaştırmanın yapısal analizi ışığı altında bir model oluşturmaktır. Tez altı bölümü kapsamaktadır. Birinci bölümde, yoğun kentleşme ve bakımsızlığın etkisiyle fiziksel çevrenin simgesel değeri hızla yok olduğundan; henüz fiziksel ve işlevsel etkinliğini yitirmemiş konutların onarımla çağdaş standartlara çıkarılması gerektiği belirtilmiş; konunun aynı zamanda bir çevre sorunu olarak ele alınması üzerinde durulmuştur. îkinci bölümde, sıhhileştirme çalışmalarına neden olarak, bütün insanların çağın gerektirdiği tüm kolaylıklardan yararlanması ve en azından minimum yaşam standartlarına uygun bir konut ve çevresinde yaşaması gerektiği açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca, ülkemizde bu konunun yaygın bir uygulama alanı bulduğu da vurgulanmıştır. Konuyla ilgili olarak“mevcut konut stoku”,“sıhhileştirme sağlıklaştırma”ve“standartlaştırma”kavramlarının tanımları yapılmış, konunun irdelenmesinde somut veriler olarak benzer çalışmalardan Bologno, Asilah ve Hindistan örnekleri incelenmiştir. üçüncü bölümde, problemin belirlenmesi amacıyla sağlıklaş¬ tırmanın yapısal analizi yapılmıştır. Sağlıklaştırma bileşenleri,“içerik”,“ölçek”,“davranış”ve "zaman boyu - tunda, uzam, kapsam, belirleyici koşullar, temel ilkeler, eylemler, adımlar, rol alanlar, işlem biçimleri ve süreç olarak saptanmış ve altaçılımları yapılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde, tezin asıl amacına ulaşmak üzere, sağlıklaştırmanın yapısal analizinin ışığı altında bir model oluşturulmuştur. Önerilen bu modelin dört temel boyuta göre veri - tabanı belirlenmiş; veri tabanındaki bilgiler doğrultusunda enformasyon üniteleri saptanmıştır. Enformasyon sürecinde, aynı zamanda anket-araştırma formlarının içeriğini oluşturan enformasyon ünitelerinin, belirlenen araştırma teknikleriyle değerlendirilmesi öneril - mistir. Beşinci bölümde, uygulama bölgesi olarak seçilen Yedikule îmrahor mahallesinde, önerilen model uyarınca yapılan alan araştırması ve sonuçları verilmiştir. Altıncı bölümde, tezin sonuçları üzerinde durulmuş ve bu sonuçlar üzerine, ülkemizdeki sağlıklaştırma çalışmaları ile ilgili bazı öneriler getirilmiştir. v
Özet (Çeviri)
A STUDY ON UPGRADING THE EXISTING HOUSİNG STOCK AN IFIPLEMENTATION İN YEDIKULE-THE IMRAHOR NEIGHBOURHOOD SUMMARY By the urbanization process and urban grovrth, urban population have rather increased when compared to rural population, thus various problems have emerged including“housing”. The importance must be given to this fact in order to keep the urban density in limits and not to increase the inner-city problems which are already unsolvable. By the intense level of urbanization and with the lack of good çare, the symbolical value of physical environment is rapidly getting lost. For this reason, raising guality of houses, which have not lost their physical and the functional efficiency, to the contemporary standards is important in order to preserve the national assets and to transfer healthy urban settlements into the next generation as a cultural heritage. The ways of utilizing our existing housing stock must be researched and the criteria and preventions which are needed för rational appraising and usage must be defined. On establishing existing housing stock, the technology and methods which can be used in defining the housing guality are gaining importance. The basiç aim in upgrading the existing housing stock is to make it possible for the building to satisfy ali the physiological, social and psychological, safety and health reguirements of the residents as well as for the physical environment to continously provide the residents a comfortable atmosphere to work willingly, systematically and efficiently. A supplementary objective is to make the buildings look clean, well-kept, new and nice in their façades. Redeveloping is needed to bring old houses up to modern standards, and to make many run-down neighbourhoods into pleasant and comfortable places to live in. The environment in which houses stand, is as important to living conditions vias the houses themselves, and must be taken into account in the standards. The satifactory house in a satisfactory environment must be aimed at. The purpose in upgrading is to ensure that the parts of the city have a healthy texture and structure; and to make it a living organism. From this point of view, this study attempts to bring up concrete solutions to the scale of upgrading, the actors of upgrading, the reasons för upgrading and the means of upgrading. Another purpose of this thesis is to test the validity of technigues of analysis developed by various abroad researches applicable to Turkey and to realize a pilot study in a selected district as an upgrading area. in this way, it is tried to clarify the important components of upgrading problem. The most important goal in upgrading is to provide ali people the opportunity to use ali the facilities and live in a house and its surroundings with at least minimum, appropriate living standards. If a house is going to be satisfactory according to the individuals of the family, it has to have an adequate size to provide a living space to ali the individuals and to ensure the privacy at the same time with the ease and comfort. Besides, it has to have such a layout that it can comprise sufficient area to the activities done in house by the family and sufficient guality to reply the main health and safety requirements. Modernization of the existing housing stock has a multi- dimensional content. From day to day, user's vrishes and reguirements increase and/or change by time, depending on the technological, socio-cultural and economical developments. With changing reguirement and developments, living standards are also rising. upgrading has a complex structure and has to be analysed as a multi-dimensional system consisting of“content”,“scale”,“behaviour”and“time”. These four main dimensions and their components construct an action plan, called“upgrading policy”.“Content”indicates conditions and main principles. The conditions can be classified as; o Social, o economical, o technological, o juridical, o cultural, o political. viiüpgrading has to change some environmental features and to conserve some others. The main principles are; -conserving, -partially conserving, -partially redeveloping, -completely redeveloping. According to the content of üpgrading, actions can be taken account in several systeuı resolution levels covering; o district, o neighbourhood, o building complex, o building, o building components, o building elements ete. The scope of üpgrading can be explored in different system nodes such as; -urban equipment, -social eguipment, -transportation systems, -infrastructure, -building, -plantation, -topography. Behaviour emphasizes modifying actions and participants in üpgrading process. Üpgrading actions can be grouped as followings ; o Redevelopment, -reconstruction, -reğeneration, -reutilization, -renovation, o Rehabilitation, -revitalization, -integration, -sanitation, o Conservation, -consolidation, -liberation, -preservation, -restoration. The participants. of üpgrading process can be grouped as; o Public, viii- central government, - local government, - municipalities, o User organisations, - co-operatives, - associations, o User, - family, - person, o Financers, o Enterprisers, o Constructors. Uygrading may not be considered as a one-way series of procedures on a linear time scale. It has a repetitive and iterative character. Therefore on cyclical and spiraling time scales, upgrading actions have to be revised and controlled. On the other hand, upgrading has to cover different steps of processes which exhibit a stratified nature defining each other consequently; - data collection, - data processing, - analysis, - systems definitions, - concept formulation, - system development, - synthesis, - evaluation, - model, - decision, - realization. As a consequence of the given explorations and examinations of the structural analysis of upgrading policy, a model is proposed. The data base of this proposed model is defined in the following way; o In content; social, economical and technological conditions ; o In scale; neighbourhood, building, dwelling unit, building components and building elements in view of coverage; urban equipment, social equipment, transporta tion system, infrastructure and building in view of scope; o In behaviour; obtaining building and the environmental standards and upgrading the existing housing stock by rehabilitation as sanitation; ixo In time; structural obselescence as a linear and technological and functional obselescence as a spiraling transactional relation. The information units according to the defined components as four dimensions of the upgrading, are grouped as? - General housing information, - Housing facilities, - Structure and maintenance,. building component elements,. structural performance, - General environmental information. In the information process these units, as the content of the researching forms are examined by the following research techniques ~r o questionnaire, o observation, o physical records. The implementation part of the thesis consists of the research and its results as the case study held in Yedikule. In the study area, 44 dwelling in 20 building on 16 city- blocks were searched. Appraising the information units in the schedules, questionnaire, observation and physical record researching techniques were used. As the result of the field study; - The general properties of the buildings are;. 40 years and more as the age group,. 2-3 storeys high,. tile as the major roof covering,. made of wood and bricks,. tenants as the occupants. - In housing facilities;. insufficient plumbing facilities and hot water,. insufficient areas of and equipments for toilett, bathroom and kitchen. - On structure and maintenance,. stable in structure,. neglected at the building components and elements level,. unqualified level of the structural performance. - At the environmental scale,. high density population,. problems on road-pavement surfaces, car-parking and noise,. no primary school,. insufficient and neglected urban furnitures. x
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