Endüstrileşmiş bina yapım sistemi seçimi için uzman sistemlere dayalı bir yaklaşım
An Expert system approach for the ındustrialized building system selection
- Tez No: 39170
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. METE TAPAN
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1993
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 149
Özet
ÖZET Bu tezde; endüstri 1 eşmiş bina yapım sistemleriyle toplu konut üretiminde, mimari tasarım sürecinin ön amaç ve değer sistemin saptanması ve sistem seçimi aşamasında kullanılabilecek bir uzman sistemin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma dört aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir: o Endüstri 1 eşmiş bina yapım sistemleriyle toplu konut üretiminin ve Türkiye'de uygulanmakta olan sistemlerin özelliklerinin ortaya konulması ve bu bilgilerin sis tem seçimine yönelik olarak ele alınması, o Yapay akıl yaklaşımı ve uzman sistemler konularındaki bilgiler doğrultusunda problemin ele alınması ve bir uzman sistem modelinin kurulması, o“ Uygun yapım sistemi seçimi”ni etkileyen uzman bilgilerinin elde edilmesi, o Uzman bilgilerinin düzenlenmesi ve modelin prototip bir uzman sistem bilgisayar programı haline dönüştürülmesi, geliştirilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi. Çalışma altı bölümden oluşmaktadır: Birinci bölümde konu genel olarak ele alınmış ve çalışmanın amacı ortaya konulmuştur. îkinci bölümde endüstrileşmiş bina yapım sistemleriyle toplu konut üretimi ele alınarak, sistemlerin özellikleri ve Türkiye'de uygulanmakta olan sistemler incelenmiş, mimari tasarım sürecinin özellikleri ve sistem seçimini etkileyen faktörler üzerinde durulmuştur. üçüncü bölümde ise bilgisayar bilim alanında son yıllardaki gelişmeler, özellikle yapay akıl yaklaşımı ve uzman sistemler konuları ele alınmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde uzman sistemlerin özellikleri ve geliştirilmesi ile ilgili bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Uzman sistemlerin geliştirilme süreci üzerinde durularak, bu amaçla yapılması gereken işlemler ve uzman sistemlerin diğer özellikleri incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Beşinci bölüm bir uzman sistem modelinin geliştirilmesini içermektedir. Bu bölümde, endüstri 1 eşmiş bina yapım sis temleri açısından modelden beklenen amaçlar belirlenerek, modele ait sınırlamalar ortaya konulmuş ve bir prototip uzman sistemin geliştirilmesine çalışılmıştır. Altıncı bölüm sonuç bölümüdür. Bu bölümde uzman sistem modeli ve tez ile ilgili sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY AN EXPERT SYSTEM APPROACH FOR THE INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM SELECTION An increase in housing production is observed in Türkiye, related to an attempt for solving the housing problem. It is a well known fact that technology employed in the production of housing, machine power replacing manual power and mass production rather than the production of.single houses are very important in mass housing produc tion. Consequently, industrialized building systems (IBSs), mostly developed outside of this country, are applied in mass housing production and becoming exten sively used in Türkiye. Mass housing production with IBSs has created its own problems. The decision making process concerning the se lection of the building system, starts at a very early phase of architectural desing, and extends to a phase where the product is achieved after a series of inter connected steps. Hence, an inappropriate or incorrect decision made at the beginning of the production process, usually ends up with such errors that cannot be defeated. It is very important that a building system should be decided on early in the architectural design process, which is in accordance with the present conditions and with the specifications expected to be fulfilled by the product. In such a case, domain expert's knowledge which they have acquired from scientific studies and from their experiences should be stated explicity in order to define the problem in a comprehensive way. Yet, it is either not always possible for domain experts to take place in an extensive organization like mass housing production, or the cost of employing domain experts in the housing production process can be very high. Therefore, in those cases, an inference mechanism is needed which can replace the human expert and act as a decision making tool when met with a problem within the architectural design proc ess. The use of computers in the field of architecture is ad vancing. Studies on computer aided architectural design (CAAD) can be grouped under two headings. The first xiigroup of studies deal with drafting and computing pro grams where the emphasis is on the practice of architec ture. Theoretical endeavors make up the second group of studies. Both software and hardware possibilities are developing. Yet, these developments are but a part of what researchers aim to reach, specifically when theory is concerned. Among CAAD studies, applications that deal with well de fined problems, in other words, problems that can be de fined in terms of objective criteria are found out to be more successful. Because, in such cases, it is possible to represent those problems in a form which conforms with the working system of the computer. It can be proposed that IBSs are more advantageous when compared to other building systems. This fact is depen dent on both the characteristics of the system as a whole and of its components. The IBS' s success also comes from being feasible in analysis and definition. Hence, it is possible to employ computers in solving any of the prob lems that are related with the design and production of an IBSs. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the major program ming approaches in the field of computer sciences. AI, in its simplest form, can be defined as an approach which aims to create intelligent programs or programs which have an independent decision making mechanism without any human interruption. Expert systems are an application of the AI approach. An expert system is an intelligent com puter program used in problem solving, that behaves like a human expert in using knowledge and in processing the inference mechanism. A model which comprises domain knowledge of an expert, his experiences, and an inference mechanism for processing these, acts as the core of an expert system. Computers can be used as a tool in the architectural de sign and production process of IBSs, and it is becomes necessary to conduct a research in this field. The objectives of this study are: o To equip the end-U3er with knowledge of IBSs that are used in Türkiye, o To explicate the knowledge and experience of domain experts, xiiiTo develop an expert system which will be used as an aid in determining the prior objectives and which will act as an assessing mechanism when selecting the appro priate IBS in the design and production process of mass housing, in other words, to develop a tool that will help the end-user in behaving like an expert and that will manipulate him in making the right decision. The reseach has been conducted in four stages. These are as follows: o Analysis of the characteristics of mass housing produc tion with IBSs, and of the IBSs used in Türkiye, o Determination of factors that affect the selection of - the IBS, o Aqusition of expert knowledge that acts as a decision making mechanism when defining the prior objectives and when determining the evaluation criteria within the architectural design process, o Defination of the problem within the context of AI and expert systems, and development of an expert system model, o Transformation of the model into a prototype expert system computer program and the testing of this program o Refinement of the expert system and its development through back-tracking. This dissertation is composed of six chapters. The first chapter introduces a general discussion on the subject and the objectives of the study. In the second chapter, mass housing production with IBSs is examined. Characteristics of IBSs and those that are applied in Türkiye are presented. Characteristics of IBSs are evaluated at specific levels. Futhermore, char acteristics of the design process and factors that af fect the selection of the IBS are detemined. The third chapter deals with AI studies and studies on expert systems. Relations of AI, knowledge engineering and expert systems are discussed. Included in this chap ter, is also an introduction to studies on expert systems Development of an expert system is the theme of the fourth chapter. Various approaches in developing an xivEXPERT KNOWLEDGE Figure 1. The affect of expert knowledge on System-1 expert system, its stages, methods employed in processing the inference mechanisms, knowledge aquisition and repre sentation and fields of application of expert systems are studied. The fifth chapter deals with building and development of SYSTEM-1, an expert system model. Objectives that are 'BLACKBOARD KNOWLEDGE-BASE LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 - LEVEL A Figure 2. Structure of System-1. xvexpected to be fulfilled by the model in terms of IBSs are defined, followed by a classification of the knowl edge and statement of constraints. Further, the knowl edge necessary for the development of the expert system and qualif ications of diffrent tools that can be used within this system are emphasized. Knowledge modules are presented in the system and a knowledge base is achived, which ended up with a prototype expert system (Figure 1). In the same chapter, an refinement of the prototype ex pert system is realised and processes for developing the system via back-tracking are explained (Figure 2). The sixth and final chapter handles an overall evaluation of the study, and concludes with a discussion on the re- results concerning the prototype expert system. xv i
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