İstanbul gelişme alanlarının belirlenmesinde İkitelli organize küçük sanayi bölgesinin etkileri
The Effect İkitelli organized small industrial district in determining the development areas of İstanbul
- Tez No: 39238
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. CENGİZ GİRİTLİOĞLU
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1993
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 178
Özet
ÖZET Ülke düzeyinde dengeli kalkınma ve ilerlemenin sağlanması, ekonomik ve toplumsal faaliyetlerin yurt çapında organizasyonuna bağlıdır. Planlama ana konularından ve çağımız uygarlığının da asıl öğesi olan sanayileşme ve sonrası aşamalar, ülkemiz gibi, modern topluluklar arasına katılmak isteyen her ülkenin arzu ettiği ve amaçladığı evrensel özellikte bir hedeftir. Sanayileşme, çeşitli etkileriyle toplumsal ve ekonomik gelişme hızının artmasına da yardımcı olmaktadır Toplumların ekonomik, sosyal, siyasal hatta, kültürel yapılarında köklü değişimler yaratan bir oluşum olan sanayileşme süreci sırasında, bazı sıkıntıların çekildiği de bir gerçektir. Bu sıkıntıların minimize edilmesinde, sanayi faaliyetlerinin ülke mekanında dengeli dağılımının sağlanmasında ve düzenli kentleşmede bir araç olarak 1960'lardan beri organize sanayi bölgeleri kullanılmak tadır. Ancak, yanlış yer seçimleri, organizasyonel bozukluklar vb. organize sanayi bölgelerinin amacına ulaşmasını engellemiştir. Bu tezin amacı; Türkiye'de sanayileşme sürecinde kentsel gelişmeyi yönlendiren bir araç olan organize sanayi bölgelerinin kullanımı ve örnek olarak seçilen İstanbul ikitelli Organize Küçük Sanayi Bölgesi'nin, İstanbul gelişme alanlarının belirlenmesine yapacağı etki incelenmiştir. Altı bölümden oluşan çalışmanın giriş bölümünde, konu genel hatlarıyla ele alınmış; ikinci bölümde genel olarak sanayi kavramı ve Türkiye'de Cumhuriyet Dönemi sanayileşme politikaları incelenmiş; üçüncü bölümde organize sanayi bölgeleri tanımlanmış; dördüncü bölümde İstanbul metropolü ve sanayi alanları ilişkisi irdelenmiş; beşinci bölümde örnek olarak seçilen İstanbul ikitelli Organize Küçük Sanayi Bölgesi araştırılması ve buna yönelik anket uygulamalarından sonra, sonuç bölümü olan altıncı bölümde önceki bölümlerdeki çalışmalara dayanılarak değerlendirmeler yapılmış, ve organize sanayi bölgelerinin amacına uygun etkin kullanımı için öneriler getirilmiştir.
Özet (Çeviri)
In general, urbanization is known as an increase in cities and the number of people living there. On a large scale, it's population accumulation process, depend on changes in social and economic structure. In this process, division of labour, specialization and organization occur in the society. The beginning of settling industry which has an important role in urban economic life, causes different urban structure and problems. Changes in structure in urban system, depend on economic relations and policies at national level. Urbanization and industrialization are driving forces, necessary to be used by developing countries. Because of this, developing third world countries, live rapid urbanization events in addition to industrialization efforts, in the second half of 20th century. Urbanization and industrialization are necessary to be passed by developing countries, as driving forces. In the Planned Development Process which started in the I9601 s in our country, plan targets have been directed to industrialization, so as to increase economic development rate, life standart and to create new working possibilities. However, it's hard to mention about balanced industrialization and healty urbanization despite of Development Plans, during the passed time. The accumulation of industry in certain places and the development of urban areas apart from them, occur disordered and unbalanced settlements at contry level. By the development of industrialization and related tecnologies, developments and changes in existent works of cities are seen. This causes uncoordinated urbanization and industrialization activation. XI JThere are brokenness and contradiction between Development Plans and urban planning systems in the country. Organized Industrial Districts are used as an encouraging tool which arrange the distribution of industry investments and the settlement places, having development potential at country level. They take part in Development Plans and are reflected to Master Plans. Organized Industrial Districts facilitates planning from the urbanization point of view. When they are used effectively, inert sources which have potantial in Turkey but couldn't be evaluated because of the infrastructure inadequacy, can be much more productive. They control industrial settlements, provides exterior economies, causes healthy appearance. The unbalanced distribution of industry at country level and it's socio- economic problems can be easily solved by organized industrial district. In the period which the structural changes of Turkish economy and industry and the determination of basic industrial strategies are necessary, the effective arrengement of organized industrial districts contribute to the aim of basic industrialization, healthy urbanization and balanced regional development of Turkey. But, Organized Industrial Districts couldn't reach it's aim because of wrong settlement choices. Sectoral importance of Organized Industrial Districts couldn't be defined. The Istanbul Metropolitan Area is many things: - a headquarters for business, - a center for culture, - a gathering place for internetional diplomacy, - a great port and - also the Marmara Region's and nations largest industrial center. Not only it's great population but also it's economic, social, cultural relations affect the country, even abroad. Then, necessary function and services in the development of metropolitan area must be occured according to these relations. To become the center of the country and region, rapid population growth, urbanization, industrialization xnincrease economic development of istanbul. It has a center appearance because of the permanence of urban services like population, surface greatness, industry which are achieved in time. However, these properties of istanbul causes many problems (distorted urban structure, random industrial settlements, work- res i dance discordancy, squatters, contamination of natural balance) and affect the healty urbanization. So, Istanbul the Great Municipality occured urban development policies in 1984, to control the unwanted situations of the city. Some of the policies were: - the decentralization of historical centers of the city, - the occurance of decentralized and clear structure that settle on highways, - the development of new settlements at the exterior regions of istanbul by breaking the old center tendencies, - the self satisfaction of both parts of istanbul and minimize the necessary passing of great masses of population through the Bosphorus every day, - the decentralization of industries which needs great areas, consumption of water and energy. ikitelli Organized Small Industrial District was also planned for the decentralization of small industry from the Historical Peninsula of istanbul. It's not aimed to pull new population to the metropolitan, but provide new settlement areas to the small industry workers which would be built adjacent to ikitelli Organized Small Industrial District, since approximately half of the workers live in the Anatolian part. So, it's aimed to minimize the necessary daily passes of workers through the Bosphorus; resque the historical worths of the metropolitan from unheal ty, mess uses; provide enough industry areas in proportion to the population and etc. ikitelli Organized Small Industrial District can be called to be Turkey's second great project after south-east Anatolian Project. Studies in ikitelli were first started as Small Industrial District in 1984. Then it was changed to Organized Industrial District to speed up the studies and get much more credit from the goverment. In the recent plans, the Organized Small Industrial District is planned to settle in 765 hectare. It consists of 33 cooperatives and 30.000 working place. The residential areas are settled in 1148 hectare, adjacent to the industrial area. XlllWith this thesis, the use of Organized Industrial Districts which are tools, directing urban development in Turkish industrialization process and the effect of İkitelli Organized Small Industrial District in defining istanbul development areas, are examined. The thesis consists of six chapters. In the first introductory chapter, the subject and purpose of the study are defined. In the second chapter, industry, industrial society and industrialization are generally defined under the title of industry concept and policies. The relationship between urban settlements and industrial areas, industrial settlement area relations, the evaluation of industrial districts in some foreign countries and then the Turkish Industrial Policies before and after the Planned Period, are examined. In the third chapter, after the definition of Organized Industrial District, their properties and building aims, the decision of choosing industrial area, building stages, their management, advantages, relations with Master Plans are determined. In the fourth chapter, istanbul, the greatest metropolitan city of the nation, are defined simply and then, industrial settlements in the metropolitan area, the demand of industrial area, the policies of development of small and medium industry are evaluated. In the fifth chapter, ikitelli Organized Small Industrial District are choosen as an example, depending on the definition of Organized Industrial District in the second chapter and the evaluation of Istanbul Metropolitan Area's industrial settlements in the third chapter. ikitelli Organized Small Industrial District's place, building aims, relations with plan, problems confront in application process and questionnaires are done to the small industry firms, working in Historical Peninsula and will settle in ikitelli Organized Small Industrial District. So, the working conditions of small industry firms in Historical Peninsula, their tendencies and ideas about moving to ikitelli Organized Small Industrial District, and their desires for ikitelli are determined by quest innai res. xivIn the final sixth chapter, depending on the studies and evaluations of the previous chapters, the role of industrialization and urbanization in national development process and the power of Organized Industrial Districts (as istanbul ikitelli Organized Small Industrial District) in the control of urban growth in metropolitan cities, are evaluated and some proposals are done. X.5 V
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