Türkiye'de prefabrikasyon sanayii'nin yer seçim kararlarının incelenmesi
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 39386
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. GÜNDÜZ ATALIK
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Urban and Regional Planning
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1993
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 98
Özet
ÖZET Ülkemizde yaşanan hızlı kentleşme aynı zamanda plansız kentleşme olgusunu da gündeme getirmiştir. Özellikle büyük kentlerimizde ve Metropoliten alanlarda yaşanan göç olayı, konut, hastane, okul, sos yal ve kültürel binalar gibi barınma eğitim, sağlık ve sosyal hizmetleri karşılayacak yapıların yetersiz kalmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu konularda sunulan arz, talebi karşılayamamaktadır. Bu nedenle gelenek sel yapı üretiminden daha hızlı ve ekonomik çözüm arayışları devam etmektedir. Prefabrikasyon teknolojisi yapının tümünde yada belir li bölümlerinde kullanılarak hız ve ekonomi sağlanabilir. Bu tezde varılmak istenen amaç bu fabrikaların ülkemizdeki sosyoekonomik şartlar, hammadde kaynakları ve diğer fiziksel, ekonomik etkenler gözönüne alındığında hangi yörelerde ve hangi şartların etkisiyle yerseçimi kararı aldıklarının belirlenebilmesidir. Dört bölümden oluşan çalışmanın birinci bölümünde Yerseçimi kararlarının genel olarak işlendiği“Yerleşme Kuramı”incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme çevresinde yerseçimine karar verirken etken olan faktörler, sanayinin türleri gibi alt konularda kapsamlı olarak incelemeye dahil edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ülkemizde sanayinin gelişimi ve yerseçim kararlarının geçirdiği evrim çeşitli başlıklar altında irdelenerek bu gün ulaşılan durumu açıklayıcı bazı sonuçlara varılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise tezin amacını oluşturan sanayi türünün dünyadaki gelişiminden başlayarak ülkemizde ki durum ortaya konulmuştur. Prefabrikasyon sanayinin yerseçimi kararlarını nasıl verdiğini saptayabilmek için bu sanayinin özellikleri, dünyadaki gelişimi ve ülkemizdeki durum açıklanmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde ise geçen üç bölümde gerçekleştirilen araştırmalar sonucu bu sanayinin yer seçimi kararı verirken ne gibi faktorle- ren etkili olduğu tahmin edilmiş bu tahmin çerçevesinde bulundukları kentlerin sosyo, ekonomik verileri belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra ise Prefabrike Birliğine bağlı kuruluşlarda gerçekleştirilen anketler sonucunda fabrikaların etken faktörleri belirlemeleri istenmiştir. Anket sonuçlarının ve belirlenen sosyo-ekonomik faktörlerin incelenmesi sonunda 13 tane etken faktör ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu etken faktörler arası korelasyon hesabı yapılarak ağırlıklı etkenlerin saptanma sı kolaylaşmıştır. Korelasyon çalışması sonunda yapılan anlamlılık sınaması ile prefabrikasyon üretiminin kentleşme oranı, sanayileşme oranı, inşaat sanayiinde çalışan nüfus, kentin GSYİH'den aldığı pay, sanayinin GYİH'den aldığı pay ve inşaat sanayinin GSYİH'den aldığı pay ile arasında anlamlı ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Beşinci bölümde, yapılan çalışmalar sonucu elde edilen sonuçlar yorumlanarak bu sanayinin yer seçimi kararındaki etkenler ortaya konmuştur. -vı-
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY The Subject of this Thesis is the Determination of“Location Decision in Pref abrication Industry”. Firstly, the analysis of location has been done in a broader sense. In the first chapter, the theory of location has been investigated and the scientists uiho are dealing with this theory was determined. On the other hand, industrial location decision and the factors affected this decision were established. There are same economics social and technical reasons affecting the activities occuring on an earth place in the world. It can be said that the subject of location is a part of geography in terms of economy and space dimensions. For this reason, the theory of location has been investigated, firstly, by economists and then very significant studies have been done by other scientists working in very different areas, such as Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill and David Ricardo. The first attempt in this field was made by Alfred üJeber to construct the general location theory. Ldeber's analysis is based on two different variables, such as the cost and places of an uneven distribution of natural resources on an uniform plane, and the market area. The relationship between production area, market area and raw materials are called as Ueber's triangle. Moreover, there were some assumptions about the location and the locational choice made by Thünen, Palander, Hoover, Isard and Greenhut. According to Thiinen's approach, the locational choice of economic activities was assumed to contain no other cities but the central town. In the Palander's model, this theory was based on two variables, first, the location and cost of raw materials, second, the market area. -Vll-The factors affecting the locational choice may be classified as raw materials, manpower and capital. These are can also be classified as economic, social and cultural factors. The effects of the factors mentioned above determine industrial tendency; for example, labor oriented industries, material oriented industries and capital oriented industries. On the other hand, the industry may also vary on the basis of productions, as follows: (1) Industries producing investment materials, (2) Industries producing secondary materials, (3) Industries producing consumption materials, In the second chapter, the development of industry in Turkey was discussed, and the structural changes, in Turkey, due to the location decisions have been investigated. During the Ottoman Empire, in the 16th century, industry, in Turkey, was in bad conditions compared with the industries in developed countries. However, at this period, it has been made significant attempts in the technology. The technology using manpower has been transferred to the technology using mechanical power. In order to develop the industry in Turkey“Teşvik-i Sanayi Kanunu”was established in December 14, 1913. As a result of this law, the state has been started to support the industry in Turkey. During this period, existing industrial plants have been gathered in Istanbul, İzmir, Bursa, Manisa, Uşak and İzmit. The most of the industry has been handed by Istanbul with 55%. After the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, private sector has been entered to the industry by a law called“ Sanayii Teşvik Kanunu”in 1927. During this phase, private sector was developed, whereas this development was not reflected to the main industry. In order to make required attempts and increase the efficiency of the state, an industry plan was established in 1934. The main feature of this plan was the space dimension of the industry. According to this plan, the -Vlll-closure to the raw materials uas the first principle in the location decision procedure. In spite of the approval of the Second Five Year Industrial Plan in 193B, this plan could not been applied. The main features of the plan were the establishment of heavy industry, wide usage of natural resources and the development of the industry in the east region. After the World Ular II, in order to develop economic politics applying after the war some other plans were prepared in 19^5 and 19^7. Firstly, nationalism was weakened and private sector has been developed, but these plans mentioned above could not been applied properly. These were only the light for the politics of 1950-1960 stage. After the law in 1961, in the all applied five year development plans, economy was treated with the aims of social development. It has been seen that industry has controlled the economy from the beginning of First Fire Year Development Plan. Organized industrial regions were established to balance the urbanization and industrialization movements all around Turkey. In the second and third five year development plans, it has been pointed out that the economic development was the result of industrialization. On the other hand, in the forth and fifth five year development plans, it has also been seen that private sector was converted to the industrial investments and the importance of production industry was indicated and in this kind of industry new investments to an optimum scale were proposed. From the beginning of the establishment of Republic, it has been determined that industry has not reached to a developed level, a relationship between urbanization and industrialization could not been established and the desicions for the location could not been taken in a programmed way. As a result of these, a balanced distribution and development could not been achieved between regions. Finally, industry has been collected in the metropolitan areas, such as İstanbul, İzmir and Adana regions. -IX-In the third chapter of this thesis, the definition of“Pref abrication Industry”which is the main subject of the study, its development in the world and Turkey were discussed. Because of the wars, immigrations, and natural disasters, lots of buildings were collapsed and accomadition necessesities were forced to build faster, economic and high quality structures. For this reason, conventional production methods were not enough for this construction amount. As a result of this, new construction technologies were developed. After the World Liar II, the necessities of house buildings schooll buildings and social buildings in Europe, were completed in very short period by these new construction technologies. Especially, for the fast developing industry, buildings were built by these kind of technologies. Construction members produced at the site or factory were carried to the site and used in the constructions. There is a big housing problem in Turkey because of increase in population and immigration. Pref abrication can solve this problem thanks to high speed of construction and quality. However, it is hard to follow payment plan properly for the projects using this construction technology. For this reason, conventional construction methods are widely used in Turkey. There are many companies producing prefabricated construction members in Turkey, most of them are settled in Marmara, Eagean and central Anatolia regions. In the forth chapter, a questionnaire was conducted with the factories which are the members of Association of Prefabricated Concrete Construction Industry of Turkey to determine the factors effecting the location decisions. In order to investigate these factors and to clear the location decision reasons, it has to be determined that the population of cities in which factories are settled, number of constructions, GNP (GSMH) industrialization and industry papulation, and the increase in population. All these social and economic implications were studied and some assumptions were made, In the analysis, questionnaire and social-economic implications were studied, then the factors affecting the location decision were investigated and the dominants of the factors affecting the location decis ion of pref abrication industry were determined. Some of the dominant factors were market, raw materials, transportation facilities and municipality facilities. -x-After all these analyses, in order to determine the location decision tendencies of factories in Turkey, a regression analysis has been conducted for the factories which are the member of Association of prefabricated concrete Construction Industry of Turkey to investigate social and economic patterns in their establishment areas. In this regression analysis, the relationships between the amount of production for the factories producing prefabricated concrete elements, number of workers in this sector, population, the rate of population increase, the papulation of industry and, the rate of industrialization were studied in detail. Firstly, a matrix has been constructed to make some logical relations, and then by substituting all the values listed below a correlation study has been carried out. '10 11 12 13 The population The papulation of industry The rate of urbanisation The rate of industrialization The rate af papulation increase The number of workers in construction industry GNP value for the city The number of constructions GNP value for the industry The population of the city/The population of Turkey : The number of workers in pref abrication industry : The production of pref abrication : GNP value for the construction industry The formula used in the correlation study was, r = (x-v) (y-v)/n -XI-In the correlation results, high correlation values have been found in all variables. The multiple regression analysis mentioned above has been conducted to obtain meaningful results. In this analysis, the number of variables related with the pref abrication production were decreased by electing the variables related with each other. In the multiple regression analysis, a few or all“v”values have been taken into consideration, but, a regression equation relating the pref abrication production with others could not have been determined. The correlation values in the constructed relation matrix have been studied and the factors affecting the pref abrication production have been established. The calculated values mentioned above have been tested with“t”(student test) test to determine their significance. As a result of this test, some singnificant relations have been found between pref abrication production and the“v”values, as follows: (V,“ - V.,) Pref abrication production-The rate of urbanisation (U ”- V, ) Pref abrication production-The rate of industriali-.*.*. zation (\l -. 9 - V (?) Pref abrication production -The number of workers in construction industry (l/in - V,.,) Pref abrication production-GNP value for the (V,p - \1 7) Pref abrication production-GNP value for the city Pref abrication produd construction industry The formula used in the“t”test, t= (r \/n-2 } / \/(l-r2) Consequently, it has been pointed out thBt factories producing prefabricated concrete members should choose their locations in the areas where the“v”values menti oned earlier are higher. -xii-
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