Tophane tamirhanesi restorasyon projesi
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 39462
- Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. DOĞAN KUBAN
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1993
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 94
Özet
ÖZET Tezin konusunu oluşturan Tophane Tebhirhanesi, Gedikpaşa ve Üsküdar Tebhirhanesi 'yle birlikte, 1893 yılında İstanbul'da görülen kolera salgınınıyla mücadele etmek için inşa edilmiştir. Tezin 2. Bölüm'de, Tophane'nin tarihsel gelişimi ve tarihi yapıları ile Tophane Tebhirhanesi ' nin tarihçesi anlatılmıştır. Tezin 3. Bölüm'ünde mekanlar tanımlanmış, işlevleri incelenmiştir, yapılan tadilat ve değişiklikler tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. 4. Bölüm'de yapı elemanları anlatılmıştır. 5. Bölüm' de Tophane Tebhirhanesi diğer tebhirhane binaları ve benzer özellikler taşıyan binalarla karşılaştırılmıştır. 6. Bölüm' de yapıdaki bozulmalar anlatılmıştır. 7. bölümde rölöve çalışmaları, yapıya ait eski fotoğraflar ve diğer tebhirhanelerin sunduğu bilgilerle oluşturulan restitüsyon projesi anlatılmıştır. Yukarıda yapılan çalışmaların da yardımıyla, Tophane Tebhirhane binasını yaşatabilmek için verilmesi düşünülen işlev ve yapılması düşünülen müdehaleler, 8. bölümde restorasyon başlığı altında sunulmuştur. XII
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY THE RESTORATION PROJECT FOR TOPHANE DISINFECTION HOUSE The purpose of this thesis is to provide the necessary documentation for the restoration project of“Tophane Disinfection House”, which was built in 1894. The study contains information about the historical background of Tophane and the important buildings throughout that historical area, as well as the historical, functional and the architectural features of“Tophane Disinfection House”. During the explanation of these features, the contemporary disinfection houses in Üsküdar and Gedikpaşa were also considered. Finally, description and the restitution studies, which is the most essential referance for making the restoration project and re-functioning of the building has been discussed. Tophane, which was known as Metopon in antiquity, was out of city walls of Galata to the Northeast. During the Byzantine period, it was covered with forests. After the Turkish conquest of Istanbul, the first building there was the artillery foundry built by Sultan Mehmed II. Sultan Beyaz id II. added a barrack to this building. Later, Sultan Süleyman the Magnif icient, destroying all the previous buildings, replaced them with bigger establishments, all which burned down in the fire of 1719. Houses were built along the shareline and the hill surrounding the area was used for military purposes. With the building of the markets and the shops, trade developed was here. There were almost 800 shops in Tophane and Fındıklı and as it might be estimated these are the retail shops of small sized businesses. While replacing the old barracks of Beyazid II. with the bigger ones, Sultan Süleyman the magnif icient also added a mosque in the middle of the buildings. In 1774, during the reign of Mustafa III., a regiment of speed artillery was established here following the advice of Baron de Tott. A barrack was also built for the soldiers of this regiment. Later Sultan Selim III. destroying the former barracks, had European type barracks built here for the coachmen in 1792 as a part of his attempt to reorganize the army. The barracks were repaired and and restored in the years 1810 and 1822, during Mahmut II. 's era. The barracks of coachmen were still very important in this period. XIIIA fire on 2nd March, 1823, burned destroyed the barracks along with 400 houses. When Mahmud II. had the barracks rebuild, he also had the construction of the Nusretiye Mosque started. In addition to this, he established a half timber-half masonry shipdock and a tool factory. Sultan Abdiilmecid added a carpentry, and Sultan Abdülaziz added a lot of other sections in 1866. The buildings, known as“Industrial Barracks”, were used as crafts school during the republic era, and it was destroyed in the 1956/57 reconstruction and road widening operation of Menderes. One of the old works overlooking the Tophane Square is the mosque which was built by Kılıç Ali Paşa in 1580. It was built by architect Sinan after having the harbour filled with earth. It is part of a complex together with a madrasa, a public bath and a tomb built at the same time. The plan of the mosque is very similar to that of Saint Sophia. The five-domed last prayers' section was surrounded with a very wide porch on three sides. The field Marshall Headquarters of Artillery with its large facade starts at Tophane Square and extends towards Salı Pazarı. The first building to house the head of the artillery, during the reign of Sultan Selim III, was a small one. Later, it was replaced by a timber building having a front facade covered with colored marble. In 1863, a fire which started in the room next to the offices, reduced this building into ashes. On the same spot, Abdülaziz built a large stone building which was destroyed during the road widening operation of Menderes. In 1732, during the reign of Mahmud I., a fountain was built at the centre of the square. The square planned structure has got a tap on each side placed in a pointed arched niche. Facades are decorated with the belts of caligraphy, stylized plant and floral patterns as well as reliefs of fruit and flower arrangements which are quite usual for the era. The big mosque of Nusretiye is in Salı Pazarı. It was built by Mahmut II. and completed in 1825. The mosque, which was placed on an elevated platform, has also got a marble covered Sultan's Lodge. The clock tower and the fountain behind the mosque were also patroned by Mahmut II. Both of these structures have got similar features in Ampiric Style. Another important characteristic of Tophane is the pipe works mentioned with the name of the place itself. The pipe making tradition recorded towards the end of 18th century, gave the finest samples at the end of 19th century and came to an end only leaving the name to the street: Lüleci Hendek Sokağı. XIVTophane Tebhirhanesi is located at the intersection point of“Tulumbacı Sıtkı Sokak”and“Lüleciler Caddesi”. The information about the functioning of the building was obtained from Dr. Nuran Yıldırım, who is a lecturer in Istanbul University for“History of Medical Science”, and her article is titled“Disinfection Houses at Ottoman Period”. In Disenfection Houses, there were two different entrances for dirty and clean clothes. The clothes from the areas affected by epidemics were brought by carts and entered the building from the dirty side, were placed into the disinfection tank for one quarter of an hour in order to be disinfected. Afterwards they were taken out from the clean section and were loaded on to the carts of the clean side to be returned back. Some alterations in the building were recorded. When making the restitution drawings of“Tophane Disinfection House”, reference was made to the photo albums of Abdiilhamid II. These are : disappearance of fringe decorations, the replacement of framework, replacement of wooden separation between clean and dirty sections with a brick wall. The proposed new function for the building is a“Community House”. The rooms Z05 and Z03 are convenient as meeting and seminar rooms. Four workshops were placed in the stable (Z14) and leaving a space on the roof the daylight was directed to the workshops. The clean entrance of the building is blocked, so that this corridor is kept for exhibitions. The toilet rooms present in the building, are used for the same purposes and the shower numbered Z01 is also converted into a toilet. The room number Z15 will house a cafeteria, due to its relation with the courtyard. The room number Z17 is converted into a bookshop. The rooms numbered Z07, Z08, Z09 are unified to be kept as pipe workshops, in order to revitalize the traditional Tophane pipe works. The rooms in the first floor, numbered 101 and 103 are used for administrative section. The room number 103 is kept as Tophane and Galata library, while the room 105 is kept as a workshop for repairing the old books and the printed material. The building has not been taken care of for long time, and water penetrating had caused lots of damages. The roof construction and the wooden structure making the floorings must be replaced with the new ones. In the Third Block, the roof construction and the other XVwooden structure which was destroyed after the the fire will be recons-tructured in conventional methods. The brick material used for making the door and window openings, is not available today. Therefore, these brick material should be reproduced for the restoration work. And during this reproduction process, the manufacturing date will be written on the bricks, so that the interference will be recorded. All the plaster, as being damaged by the time will be cleaned out and replaced with the new layers. During that process the cracks on the building, and the situation of the bricks on the walls will be better identified and recorded. Another advantage of this process is to better observe the structural problems at the intersection point of the first and the second blocks and to give a better opportunity for a structural solution. As a result of the new proposed function, there are some additions necessary in the building. In order to heat the building, there is a heating center designed just under the courtyard at the basement level. The pipeline system, placed under the ground floor, will be connected to panel radiators having as less circulation as possible. The pipes will be running in a specially prepared duct giving the ease of controlling the system. The heating center at the basement floor is reached through the staircase from the room number Z14. The fireplace in the room number Z17 is cancelled to have its chimney repaired and connected to the heating center. The room number Z14 will be divided by using“l”and“U”profiles to place the workshops. As we do not have enough data for the entrance of the courtyard -the dirty entrance - this part is designed fitting to the common features of the building. The demolishes and the damages on the historical buildings is making the enviroment we living loosing its idenf ication. Tophane Tebhirhanesi, the subject of this paper-work was demolished in March 1993, 99 years after its consruction. It is such a big shame that, instead of coping up with these historical buildings we learn about them from the drawings and photographs, and for many historical buildings, we do not even have this opportunity. XVIIn this work, Tophane Disinfection House is tried to be correctly and properly recorded, and there are some restitution projects prepared. In order to integrate this building into modern life, which has lost its original function, adoptation of the new function implied to the building is presented by the restoration project. In that final step, the unity of the building is taken as the most essential thing. XVII
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