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Konut ve yakın çevresinin seçiminde çevresel kalite bileşenlerinden mahremiyet ve anlamın etkisi

Environmental quality and preference

  1. Tez No: 39729
  2. Yazar: BETÜL OĞUZ
  3. Danışmanlar: DOÇ.DR. ORHAN HACIHASANOĞLU
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1994
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 69

Özet

ÖZET Çevresel kalite kapsamında mahremiyet ve anlamın konut ve yakın çevre sinin tercihine olan katkılarının araştırıldığı bu tez çalışmasında, öncelikle çevresel kalite kavramının tanımlanması gerekmektedir. Basit olarak fiziki çevrenin maddi ve biyokimyasal özellikleri olarak tanımlanabilecek çevresel kalite, sembolik, algısal ve belirli grupların ihtiyaçlarına cevap veren fiziki çevrenin karakteristiklerini bünyesinde toplamaktadır. Çevre seçimi, kültürel değerler sistemine bağlı olarak kişilerin ihtiyaçları na, tercihlerine, yaşantı tarzı ve imajlarına en iyi cevap veren ortamların çeşit li özelliklerin farklı biçimde biraraya gelişi ile gerçekleşir. Kalabalık yerle şimler, çevresel donanımlardaki düzen, mekanın tasarımı, geçerliliği, insanın içinde bulunduğu grubun büyüklüğü bu ortamlarda mahremiyetin etkin olarak gözlenmesine neden olmaktadır. Çevresel mahremiyet mekanizmalarına bağlı olarak insanlar çevrelerine farklı oranlarda yaklaşırlar. Sahip oldukları mah remiyet tercih seviyesi, konut seçiminde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Toplumda dört tip mahremiyetle karşılaşılmaktadır. Yalnızlık, samimiyet, çekingenlik ve anonimlik olarak isimlendirilen bu gruplara dahil olan insanların çevrelerinde ki davranışları ve çevrelerinden beklentileri farklıdır. Gelişen teknolojinin bir uzantısı sayılabilecek hızlı ve seri üretim bir nok tadan sonra insanın çevreden beklediği bazı özellikleri ortadan kaldırmıştır. Birbirine benzeyen, tekdüze gelişen cepheler, doğal yerleşimlerin sahip olduğu sürprizli mekanların yokluğu modem yerleşimlerin özelliklerinden olmaya başladı. Tez çalışmasına anlam konusunun dahil edilmesinin nedeni kişilerin yaşadıkları çevrelere yükledikleri anlamların konut çevresinin seçimine olan etkisinin açık olmasıdır. Yukarıda anlatılan nedenlerden dolayı ele alınan konunun sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, kişilerin yaşadıkları konutları ve yakın çevresini seçerken önem verdikleri parametreleri ortaya koymuştur. Bu parametreler; 1. Eşlerin iş yerlerine yakınlık, 2. Çocukların okullarına yakınlık, 3. Alışveriş birimlerine yakınlık, 4. Manzara, 5. Çevredeki konutlar ve yeşil ile olan bağlantı, 6. Statü, 7. Yerleşim içindeki konumu olarak sıralanabilir.

Özet (Çeviri)

SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND PREFERENCE Environment can be defined as any condition or influence outside the organism, group, or whatever system is being studied. According to Ittelson, one describes the environment as an ecological system with seven components; 1. Perceptual: the ways in which individuals experience the world, which is a principal mechanism linking people and environment.. 2. Expressive: which concerns the effect on people of shapes, colors, textures, smells, sounds and symbolic meanings. 3. The domain of aesthetic values of culture and the whole area of values. 4. Adaptive: the extent to which the environment helps or hinders activities. 5. Integrative: the kind of social groupings which are facilitated or inhibited by the surroundings. 6. Instrumental: which refers to the tools and facilities provided by the environment. 7. The general ecological interrelationship of all these components. Lawton (1970), describes the environment as an ecological system having five components: 1. The individual. 2. The physical environment, including all natural features of geography, climate, and man-made features which limit and faciliate behavior, and the resources of the environment. 3. The personal environment, including individuals who are important sources of behavior control 4. The suprapersonal environment which refers to the environmental characteri sties resulting from the inhabitants' modal personal characteristics due to grouping by age, class, ethnic origin, lifestyle, or other specific characteristics. 5. The social environment consisting of social norms and institutions. VIThe environment is a series of relationship among elements and people. The environment has a structure and is not a random assemblage of things. It both reflects and facilitates relations and transactions between people and the physical elements of the world. The environment has many functions. We list as basic functions of the environment: (1) home life; (2) school; (3) shopping; (4) commuting; (5) work (6) recreation; (7) leisure and recreation; (8) experience of nature; (9) healing. Cities are designed to meet people's environmental preferences and notions of environmental quality. People test a stimulus situation against some cognitive schemata which are varibale. Fig. Evaluative Schemata These evaluative schemata are influenced by previous experience and adaptation levels and by culture. They may be influenced by deprivation, so that those laking certain features like spaciousness, greenery, newness, and single storey houses etc. Urban environments must match environmental quality criteria and the imagery of their intented occupants and the specific spatial and order organizations of cities are the result of the interaction between various constraints and possibilities and the cognitive processes of individuals and groups. vnDifferent groups have different images and environmental quality. At a general level, people may have veiy different color and form preferences. Differences among different cultures and subcultures depending on cognitive styles, education, training and experience. Generally, people have different evaluations and preferences. There are differences in shopping preferences, colors used and veiy striking differences in the form, arrangement and use of houses. Environmental evaluation is more a matterof overall affective response than of detailed analysis of specific aspects, it is more amatter of of latent than of manifest function, and it os largely affected by images and ideals. There are two obvious interpretations of the concept of environmental quality: 1. The simpler one is related to aspects such as air and water pollution, the consequences of overpopulation, depletion of resources, radiation, thermal pollution and the like. All of them could be called the material and biochemical aspects of physical environment and these are subjectively evaluated. 2. The more complex interpretation is related to the less easily definable, and more variable, qualities of the natural and manmade environment which give satisfaction to people, its sensory quality in all modalities; the positive and negative effects on human feelings, behavior or performance and its meaning. These could be called the psychological and socio-cultural aspects the environment and these are the ones which concern us here. Privacy Privacy can be viewed as a dimension for describing behavior that deals with control over ineraction with others. Understanding privacy-oriented behavior involves understanding the circumtances under which persons desire to withdraw from others, the preferred means of withdrawal, and the features of the physical environment which can aid or hinder control over interaction, as well as individual differences in disposition to seek privacy. The cocept of privacy is of interest to the social psychologist, the environmental psychologist, and the designer, and as such can 'serve as a focus for interdisciplinary research. To the designer, questions of privacy are involved in decisions about visual and auditory separation within the home and between dwelling units, and about levels of density within the neighborhood, city, or region. There is clearly a need for information about individual differences in privacy prefences, the amount of adaptation to crowding that takes place, and about VIIIalternative means of gaining privacy when the solitute of low density living is unavailable. The privacy oriented behavior composites, assessed behavior that would influence the amount of available privacy. The environmental privacy composites assessed variables in the physical environment of the home, or neighborhood that would influence available privacy. 1. Privacy preference scale. First is the“privacy-prone”individual, who shows an inclination toward privacy in a wide variety of situation. The high value he places on privacy is reflected in the choices, choices he would make in buying a home: he would give up adequate lighting from outdoors if it meant having enough privacy, and would choose separate bedrooms for his children in place of a family room. 2. The orientation toward privacy in the neighboring relationship emphasizes a dislike of casual visiting by friends and neighbors, and a dislike of high involvement with neighbors. The person oriented toward“not neighboring”lives with fewer other persons than does the neighboring person. 3. The orienttation toward privacy exemplified by the“seclusive”person is characterized by preference for a house that is visually and auditorily secludedfrom other houses and by an associated tolerance for being alone and being unacquainted with one's neighbors. 4. The orientation toward solitute reflects a desire to be alone at times, to have some time away from even family and close friends. Although his physical environment does not tend to differ from that of an individual who is not“solitute-prone”person is more likely to feel he does not have enough privacy. 5. The anonymity of city living is the major emphasis of the orientation toward anonymity with minor emphasis on non-involvement with neighbors. The“anonymity-prone”individual is likely to have lived much of his life in a large town, and is likely to have spent more time in a metropolitan area and less time in a rural area than the anonymity-avoiding individual. 6. The orientation toward reserve focuses on being unwilling to reveal very much about oneself to casual acquaintances and on liking visual privacy from neighbors. 7. The orientation toward intimacy involves the desire for privacy for a unit larger than one, especially for privacy with a close friend or with the family. Environmental Preferences The various preference spaces and the components which make them up affect behavior, although the match is never perfect. Decisions are influenced IXby preference systems, and before people act they match environments and images and other cognitive schemata. The selection process involves positive (pull) and negative (push) criteria: certain alternatives are seen as being available and on the basis of direct and indrect information affected by filters, the relative attractiveness of various social and physical characteristics are evaluated. People will select the habitat which best matches their needs, preferences, lifestyle and images, whether these be suburbs, old areas or urban villages, large metropolitan areas or small town. Decision about location seem related to dwelling characteristics, status, pretige and social homogeneity, greenery, topography and views, safety, good school and ideas about mixtures of uses and proximity which are embodied in environmental images and which are used in matching.

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