The Turkish straits and the great powers: From the Montreux Convention to the early cold war, 1936-1947
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 400437
- Danışmanlar: DR. STEVEN MOREWOOD
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Türk İnkılap Tarihi, History of Turkish Revolution
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2001
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: The University of Birmingham
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 291
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
This thesis presents an analysis of the importance of the Turkish Straits on the Great Powers? wartime and immediate post-war policies, and examines Turkey?s search for security mainly against the Soviet threat against the Straits. Given that there is a standard framework about the Straits in the general context of Turkey?s policy in the war and the Soviet demands for a base in the Straits in August 1946, which have been addressed in the existing literature, the primary objective of this thesis is to contribute to the existing literature by analysing the Turkish Straits in the framework of the interplay between the Great Powers? diplomacy and the regional and local factors which constituted the origins of the Cold War in the Near East. This thesis argues that due to its commanding position over the maritime route between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea the Turkish Straits played a vital role both in the formulation of the Great Powers? World War Two strategy and the post-war settlements as far as Turkey and the entire region were concerned.The Great Powers put pressure on Turkey to provide necessary facilities for their warships or to stop enemy passage through the Straits. However, the nature of the Straits? strategic location made Ankara?s friendship mandatory; hence, Turkey, a neutral country until the very last moment of the war, had the capacity beyond that of a small power with a limited military potential to resist such pressures. In this regard, this thesis examines Turkey?s application of the Convention as the Allies raised objections in 1943 and the first half of 1944. However, when Turkey faced constant Soviet pressure at the end of the war to allow a military base in the Straits, Anglo-American authorities praised Turkey?s adherence to the Convention during the war. This rather reflects the degree to which strategic and military considerations were paramount in any discussion of the Straits question. Despite the wartime alliance with Moscow it was crucial for Britain that the USSR be prevented from gaining any influence in Turkey, either through negotiation or force, which would permit a new arrangement, additional to the Montreux Straits Convention, giving the USSR a privileged position. Faced with her post-war economic situation, Britain was in no position to support Turkey financially. However, American authorities encouraged by London and Ankara took over the responsibility for Turkey. American military authorities also encouraged the Truman administration to become involved in the Straits affairs. This thesis argues that regional factors other than US-Soviet confrontation, such as Turkey?s security search against the Soviets, also played a crucial part in starting the Cold War in the Near East.
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