Gel-like behavior of biosolids in conditioning and dewatering processes
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 400721
- Danışmanlar: DR. STEVEN K. DENTEL
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: İnşaat Mühendisliği, Civil Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2007
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Unıversıty Of Delaware
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: Belirtilmemiş.
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
The key question of why biosolids retain water so tenaciously has not been answered precisely yet. Even with the addition of different chemicals, the application of high pressures and high speeds in dewatering devices, and a combination of different technologies, around 70% of biosolids still remains water at the end of treatment operations. Improved dewatering is desirable to both reduce the costs and increase the options for ultimate biosolids disposal. A major barrier to developing improved dewatering through chemical conditioning is the poor understanding of the mechanisms through which chemicals improve dewaterability. Selection of chemicals and optimum doses is usually done by trial and error, and the range of chemicals available and chemical combinations may prevent thorough examination of all dewatering options. Since chemical conditioning and dewatering are expensive processes, they are crucial steps in the disposal of biosolids in an economically and environmentally appropriate manner. Within the last several years, a significantly different paradigm has been shown to be fruitful in describing some aspects of conditioning and dewatering of biosolids. Where biosolids have traditionally been described as concentrated suspensions of rigid particles, recent reports suggest the description of biosolids as gels. The behavior of gel systems has been investigated in many other fields such as polymer chemistry, food science and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, fundamental approaches to gel systems are already available. These approaches typically do not apply directly to the conditioning and dewatering context of biosolid processing; however, the basics of these approaches can form the foundation for future work in this area. This thesis describes a new approach that elaborates upon the gel model for the behavior of biosolids by combining classically used methods for biosolid description (e.g., solids, filtration tests) with others that describe gel behavior (e.g., rheometry, swelling, charge density/titration) and using them on both synthetic slurries and sampled biosolids. The additions of specific conditioning additives and the application of different forces allow understanding of the specific mechanisms behind chemical conditioning and suggesting an alternative description of the physical behavior of biosolids. Consequently, this research proposes a conceptual framework to improve our understanding of the nature of biosolids and the specific reasons that they retain water so well. It starts with the chemistry of sludges, then uses new rheological approaches to examine the way chemistry becomes structural and how this varies according to the sludge composition and the sludge conditioner. The gel description, combined with an understanding of the chemistry of conditioning additives, improves the ability to ?break? a gel-like biosolid structure to efficiently remove more water. Through a consideration and possible synthesis of gel vs. particulate descriptions of biosolids, improved and quantitative descriptions of sludge flow, thickening, filtration, and even drying are likely to emerge. Ultimately, this might lead to the application of these practices in wastewater treatment facilities.
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