Analytical exploration of large scale structure
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 400847
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. M. A. M. VAN DE WEYGAERT
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Matematik, Mathematics
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2013
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 234
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
The history of questions like What is the origin of the Universe? When did it originate? What is its final fate? What is our place in the Universe? are as old as the history of humankind on this planet. On the basis of these philosophical questions, today our knowledge of the present day Universe has emerged out of the accumulation of ideas, knowledge and technological improvements from ancient civilizations to modern scientific methods. The modern Cosmology we know started with Nicolaus Copernicus? Sun centered solar system model; likely the most influential work in the history of science. On the basis of his foundation, Tycho Brahe, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton created the model of the solar system. In particular, Newton formed the basics of the very first cosmological models that are static without beginning or end. This static view of the Universe changed completely in 1915, when Albert Einstein developed the General Relativity Theory in which a non static Universe model was constructed. To prevent evolution in his model, Einstein added a cosmological constant in order to make a static Universe, which he later admitted was his biggest blunder. Independently, in 1922 Alexander Friedmann derived a set of equations from the Einstein field equations of gravitation that describe Universe models that expand or contract. Furthermore, Georges Lemaitre independently derived the equations of an expanding Universe from the General Relativity equations in 1927 and he argued that this would imply a hot and small primordial Universe. Thus, a non static Universe is also implied, independent of observations of distant galaxies, as the result of applying the cosmological principle to General Relativity. That is why the non static Universe with matter is known as the Friedmann Robertson Walker Lemaitre Universe. Friedman and Lemaitre?s solutions were appreciated more after Edwin Hubble?s 1929 discovery of the expansion of the Universe via the velocity distance relation, but its implications were not realized at the time. Hubble?s discovery allowed for two opposing hypotheses to be suggested. One was Lemaitre?s Big Bang, advocated and developed by George Gamow. The other model was Fred Hoyle?s Steady State theory, in which new matter would be created as the galaxies moved away from each other. In this model, the Universe is roughly the same at any point in time. It was actually Hoyle who coined the name of Lemaitre?s theory, referring to it sarcastically as ?this big bang idea? during a radio broadcast on 28 March 1949, on the BBC Third Programme.
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