Essays on financial markets and regulations
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 401277
- Danışmanlar: DR. V. V. CHARI
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Ekonomi, Economics
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2008
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: University of Minnesota
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 79
Özet
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Özet (Çeviri)
Recent developments in the economics of information have revolutionized the way policymakers think about how financial markets affect real economic activity. Many of the policy initiatives undertaken now are aimed at alleviating informational frictions in financial markets and ensuring financial stability. This thesis analyzes the effects of two distinct policy initiatives on the way financial markets function, and the resultant effects on real economic activity. The first essay of this dissertation analyzes the effects of the 1979 amendment to the“prudent man rule”in the United States. This policy shift has spurred commitments to the venture capital industry, which has been associated with an explosion of innovation ever since. Nonetheless, a major chunk of innovation still occurs within large companies. To better understand the role of policy, I investigate the factors that determine when innovation is performed by VC-backed firms and when by large companies. To this end, I develop a novel theoretical framework in which development of new technologies and products requires the collaboration of researchers, executives, and suppliers of capital. I focus on the two-tier agency problem designed to provide simultaneously the right kinds of incentives for researchers and executives. I find that if capital markets function perfectly, it is optimal for innovation to be conducted by VC-backed firms: Specialization implicit in VC form of organization mitigates two-tier agency problems. If capital markets are sufficiently imperfect, however, it is optimal for innovation to be performed by large companies: they can use cheaper internal funds to finance innovation. The analysis suggests that the 1979 policy shift played a key role in improving financial markets which in turn has been responsible for a significant share of the surge in innovation. The second essay examines the effect of the introduction of explicit deposit insurance on bank risk-taking using Korean bank data from 1994 through 2004. Estimating a fixed effects panel model by instrumental variable estimation as well as OLS, we find strong evidence that explicit deposit insurance increases bank risk-taking. We also find some evidence that risk-taking increases with (i) the extent of insurance coverage; and (ii) bank size. Our results are consistent with the strand of literature that emphasizes the moral hazard effects of deposit insurance.
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