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Study of a population of gamma-ray bursts with low-luminosity afterglows

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  1. Tez No: 402725
  2. Yazar: HÜSNE DERELİ
  3. Danışmanlar: DR. MICHEL BOER, PROF. MASSIMO DELLA VALLE
  4. Tez Türü: Doktora
  5. Konular: Astronomi ve Uzay Bilimleri, Fizik ve Fizik Mühendisliği, Astronomy and Space Sciences, Physics and Physics Engineering
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 2014
  8. Dil: İngilizce
  9. Üniversite: University of Nice Sophia Antipolis
  10. Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 171

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Özet (Çeviri)

Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are extreme events taking place at cosmological distances. Their origin and mechanism have been puzzling for decades. They are crudely classified into two groups based on their duration, namely the short bursts and the long bursts. Such a classification has proven to be extremely useful to determine their possible progenitors: the merger of two compact objects for short bursts and the explosion of a (very) massive star for long bursts. Further classifying the long GRBs might give tighter constraints on their progenitor (initial mass, angular momentum, evolution stage at collapse) and on the emission mechanism(s). The understanding of several aspects of GRBs has greatly advanced after the launch of the Swift satellite, as it allows for multi-wavelength observation of both the prompt phase and the afterglow of GRBs. On the other hand, a world collaboration to point ground optical and radio telescopes has allowed many breakthroughs in the physics of GRBs, for instance with several detections of supernova in the late afterglow phase. In my thesis, I present evidence for the existence of a sub-class of long GRBs, based on their faint afterglow emission. These bursts were named low-luminosity afterglow (LLA) GRBs. I discuss the data analysis and the selection method of these bursts. Then, their main properties are described (prompt and afterglow). Their link to supernova is strong as 64% of all the bursts firmly associated to SNe are LLA GRBs. This motivated the study of supernovae in my thesis. Finally, I present additional properties of LLA GRBs: the study of their rate density, which seems to indicate a new distinct third class of events, the properties of their host galaxies, which show that they take place in young star-forming galaxies, not different from those of normal long GRBs. Additionally, I show that it is difficult to reconcile all differences between normal long GRBs and LLA GRBs only by considering instrumental or environmental effects, a different ejecta content or a different geometry for the burst. Thus, I conclude that LLA GRBs and normal long GRBs should have different properties. In a very rudimentary discussion of the possible progenitor, I indicate that a binary system is favored in the case of LLA GRB. The argument is based on the initial mass function of massive stars, on the larger rate density of LLA GRBs compared to the rate of normal long GRBs and on the type of accompanying SNe. Such a classification of GRBs is important to constrain their emission mechanisms and possible progenitors, which are still highly debated. However, more multi-wavelength observations of weak bursts at small redshift are required to give tighter constraints on the properties of both the burst and its accompanying supernova if present.

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