Erenköy Gezeryan Köşkü restorasyon projesi
The restoration project Of Gezeryan Pavilion in Erenköy
- Tez No: 457437
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. KEMAL KUTGÜN EYÜPGİLLER
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Mimarlık, Architecture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2015
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Restorasyon Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 309
Özet
20.yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde inşa edildiği düşünülen Gezeryan Köşkü; İstanbul'un Kadıköy İlçesi, 19 Mayıs Mahallesi'nde bulunmaktadır. Batı Eklektisizmi etkisinde Art Nouveau unsurlar içeren şale tarzı bir yapı olan köşk; aslen Kabasakal Mehmet Paşa Köşkü'nün bahçesinde yer almaktadır. II.Abdülhamit'in baş hafiyesi olan Kabasakal Mehmet Paşa'nın idam edilmesinin ardından Harem ve Selamlık Köşkleri, Tomik Gezeryan tarafından satın alınmıştır. Teze konu olan Gezeryan Köşkü; üzüm bağlarının yer aldığı bahçeye, iki köşkün arasına Tomik Gezeryan tarafından kız kardeşi için yaptırılmıştır. Ailenin Varlık Vergisi'nin ardından ticari hayatları sarsılıp Türkiye dışına göç etmesine kadar yazlık olarak kullanılan köşk, daha sonra el değiştirmiştir. Bir süre daha yazlık olarak kullanılan köşk; öğrenildiği üzere 1965 yılında Tınal Ailesi'nin mülkiyetine geçmesinin ardından kalorifer tesisatı eklenerek yaz-kış kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Safvet Tınal ve kardeşinin vefatının ardından da, yapı uzun süre atıl halde kalmış, bu süreçte tahrip edilmiştir. Son olarak 1999 yılında Şişik İnşaat Ltd. tarafından satın alınan köşk, otopark olarak kiraya verilmiştir. Geniş bahçesinin oto yıkamacı ve otopark olarak kullanıldığı dönemde; yapının bahçe düzeni bozulmuş, yapı içerisindeki metal yapı elemanları ile bazı resimler satılmıştır. Otopark kullanımının sona ermesinin ardından bir süre boş kalan köşk, günümüzde halen daha aktif olarak kullanılmamaktadır. Gezeryan Köşkü; Erenköy ve çevresinin geçirdiği yıkım-yapım süreçlerinde korunabilmiş nadir köşklerden biridir. Sürekli bakımdan mahrum kalmış olması sebebiyle hasar görmüş olsa da, köşk özgünlüğünü ve bütünlüğünü koruyabilmiştir. Yapı; çevre sakinlerinin anlatımına göre boydan boya köşklerle dolu olan Tüccarbaşı Sokağı üzerinde ayakta kalabilmiş tek köşk olması, özgünlüğünü koruyabilmesi ve de yapı içerisindeki tavan ve duvar resimleri ile döneminin mimarisini yansıtıyor olması nedeniyle teze konu olarak seçilmiştir. Tez çalışması kapsamında; yapının mevcut durumu belgelenmiş, 1/50 ölçekli rölövesi hazırlanmıştır. Restitüsyon için yazılı-çizili herhangi bir kaynağa ulaşılamamış olsa da, çevre köşkler ve eski kullanıcılardan alının bilgiler ışığında projesi tamamlanabilmiştir. Ardından, yapı için yeni bir işlev belirlenerek yapının yaşama katılması amaçlanmış, mevcut sorunlarına yönelik onarımlar ve yeni işlevine yönelik çağdaş donanım ile desteklenmesi amacıyla müdahale önerileri sunulmuştur.
Özet (Çeviri)
Erenköy is a neighborhood that is full of pavilions which are succumbed by the apartment blocks. In the past, Erenköy is fullfilled with sumptuous or modest pavilions that had extensive vineyards and gardens. However, nowadays there are few pavilions which have spoiled gardens, out of touch with the environment and stucked upon high aparment buildings. In opposition to the lots of today's Erenköy pavilions, Gezeryan Pavilion with it's garden maintained it's integrity in spite of all wearing and lack of good care. Nevertheless, it is still facing the risk of getting lost between apartment blocks probably planned to be built in it's spacious garden. Therefore, Gezeryan Chalet is decided to be worked out for the thesis subject for its speciality for being one of the rare preserved unique values reflecting our historical civilization and it is worth to be discussed to be retrived for the future. It is believed that, Gezeryan Pavilion had been built in the first quarter of the 20th century. According to historical sources Gezeryan Pavilion is located in Erenköy, although according to official records it is located in 19 May region. Both districts are located in the Kadıköy District. Kadıköy is located in Anatolian side of İstanbul and bordering Marmara Sea between Haydarpaşa and Bostancı bays. 19 May region which is located on the southeast part of Kadıköy, is founded by seperated from Kozyatağı region that is a part of Erenköy Township before 1991's. The pavilion is located in 172/1 layouts, 3123 blocks and 72 parcels. Although, according to records in the Board of Protection, the pavilion is located in 650 blocks and 72 parcels. Gezeryan Pavilion is a chalet style building that is influenced by Western Eclecticism and contains elements of Art Nouveau. It is a two story wooden structure and located in a large garden. In the past, terrain of the Gezeryan Pavilion was located in the garden of the“Kabasakal Mehmet Paşa Pavilions”. Kabasakal Mehmet Paşa was the primary sleuth of the Sultane Abdulhamit II and he had been executed during the 31 March rebellion. After the execution, Harem and Selamlık pavilions were purchased by Tomik Gezeryan. Tomik Gezeryan was a succesfull merchant who was import especially construction materials from European countries. Gezeryan Pavilion which is subject to thesis were built in the vineyards between Harem and Selamlık pavilions by Tomik Gezeryan for his sister. They used the pavilion as a summer house. Because of the“wealth tax”which was levied on the wealthy non-muslim citizens, commercial life of the Gezeryan family was shaken and they were forced to emigrate. Before the migration of the Gezeryan family, pavilion was sold. The mansion had still served as a summer house till it was sold to Tınaz family in 1965. In this period, the chalet was equipped with heaters and became suitable for whole year accomodation. The deaths of Safvet Tınal and his brother, the chalet was not used for a long and this period it was inactive and mostly ruined. Lastly, the pavilion was purschased by Sisik Construction company in 1999 and was rented to a car washer and auto parking. In this period the large garden was spoilt and some valuable handmade paints and some metal equipments were missed. After this period, the chalet was left to its fate till present. Gezeryan Pavilion, is one of the rare preserved pavilions during the demolition-construction processes that took place in Erenköy and around. Due to the damage that was caused by lack of care, the pavilion is maintaining it's originiality and integrity. According to the explanation of local residents, Gezeryan Pavilion is the only pavilion on the Tüccarbaşı Street which packed with pavilions from start to end in the past. Additionaly, Gezeryan Pavilion reflects the architectural features of the period with it's pictures on the walls and ceilings. As a result, due to all these mentioned reasons, Gezeryan Pavilion has been choosen as the subject of the thesis. Within the scope of the thesis first of all; the current state of the structure documented, 1/50 scale survey began to be prepared. In the survey, plans, sections and elevations were drawing. Also, analysis of materials and analysis of deterioration were conducted on all drawings. After the analysis, deterioration of the structure are grouped under two main heading. First one describes the deterioration caused by natural factors. Second one describes the deterioration caused by people. Deteriorations that caused by people are divided into three headlines. These are abuse and interventions, abandonment and neglect, intentional destruction. In the reconstituion stage, pavilion's original plan and elevations were surveyed. For the history and old drawings of the structure it was interviewed with the protection region Board, but nothing found. It is probably dismissed or has not been registered by the district office. Due to the lack of report, it could not be reached to the old documents. It could not reached to any written-drawn resources for determining the original state of building. Because of that, architectural styles and techniques in the time of Gezeryan Pavilion was built as well as nearby pavilions have been investigated. For understanding the arcthitectural styles and techniques in the period of construction time, trends which were effective in the 19th century were examined. Also, nearby pavilions and same period constructed pavilions have been investigated in order to understand the regional features and construction techniques. Additionaly it was interviewed with the people who have lived in the Gezeryan Pavilion. With the help of the formal registration records, it was getting contact with Gülşen Sabuncu who was the rental summer accomadater of the pavilion in 1965's. Her memories clearly gives informations about the pavilion and its neighbourhood. After 1965, she has been living in Kabasakal Mehmet Paşa's Selamlık pavilion by now. So that she has lots of knowledge about all the periods that the building was involved in especially the historical usage and structural maintenance. The proposal of the reconstition has been prepared with all these informations and the data that obtained from the structure itself. In the restoration stage, it is purposed to eliminate the deteriorations, clenaning the unqualified adds that were depend on reconstition project and correction of unqualified interventions. By these, it was requested to discover the original structure and restore the Gezeryan Pavilion with an adaptive use. Gezeryan Pavilion is in good structural condition, but it has lost it's original appearance and layout diagram because of the unqualified additions and interventions. However, all interventions may be returned completely. In the thesis, interventions for restoration are grouped under five main heading. First one is cleaning which explains removing all unqualified adds and surface cleaning. Second one is consolidation. It contains the strengthening of the structural system, renovation of the materials, consolidation of the ornaments and consolidation of the roof. Other headings are; the reintegration, reconstruction and modern hardware support. In the thesis, after the necessary interventions it is recommended to use in an adaptive use for public. In the adaptive use, it is suggested to use ground floor as a restaurant which is serving with the garden. Also first floor is requested to be arranged as a library which contains the books about Kadıköy and İstanbul. As determined in the Venice Chart, Article 5“the conservation of monuments is always facilitated by making use of them for some socially useful purpose”. Due to this statement the Gezeryan pavilion which was then used as a living house is projected to be a public building with social facilities. In acocordance to this project, a qualified public library of unique books and artificials subjecting Erenkoy and Kadıkoy district. By this way the people living around would have a chance to have a deeper knowledge about the history and social development throughout the years. The beatiful large garden is also be considered. It is projected to be renovated to serve as a public place with its restaurant and cafe providing people to have a plenty much of enjoyable times to share together. As a result of the recommended restoration project in this thesis figures out the Gezeryan pavilion as a strong bridge serving as interconnecting today's and yesterday's Erenkoy in a suitable appereance reflecting the characteristic structural and historical and also social manners. By this way letting us to think about our future in accordance in this respect to guide us in tending our historical values while determining today's civilization affairs and contemporary.
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