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Coğrafi bilgi sistemlerinin bilgisayar destekli eğitimde kullanılması: Türkiye coğrafyası dersi uygulama çalışması

Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.

  1. Tez No: 46538
  2. Yazar: ALİ ULUBAY
  3. Danışmanlar: PROF.DR. M. ORHAN ALTAN
  4. Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
  5. Konular: Jeodezi ve Fotogrametri, Geodesy and Photogrammetry
  6. Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
  7. Yıl: 1995
  8. Dil: Türkçe
  9. Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
  10. Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
  11. Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  12. Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
  13. Sayfa Sayısı: 86

Özet

ÖZET Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, günümüz dünyasında, hemen her alanda kullanımına ihtiyaç duyulan Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS)nin önemini vurgulamak ve bu konudaki temel kavramları açıklamaktır. Aynı zamanda, ortaöğretim Türkiye Coğrafyası Bilgi Sistemi oluşturma pilot projesi ile, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemlerinin eğitim kurumlarında da kullanılabileceğini göstermek ve bu konuda temel bir altlık oluşturmaktır. Bu çalışma beş bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde konuya bir başlangıç yapılmış ve konunun önemi vurgulanarak, teknolojinin sağladığı olanaklardan yararlanmanın gerekliliği anlatılmıştır. Konuyla ilgili genel tanım ve kavramlar, veri tabanı yapıları, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi kullanım alanları ve coğrafik veri ile ilgili konular ikinci bölümde verilmiştir. Bu bölümde coğrafi veri toplama yöntemleri detaylı olarak verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde, eğitim kurumlarımızdaki“öğretme”ihtiyacındaki teknolojik imkanlar ve Bilgisayar Destekli Eğitim konusu işlenmiştir. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemlerinin Bilgisayar Destekli Eğitimde de kullanılabilirliğini göstermek amacıyla hazırlanan pilot proje niteliğindeki uygulama çalışması dördüncü bölümde verilmiştir. Bu bölümde, Bilgisayar Destekli Eğitim teknikleri değil, amaca yönelik coğrafi veri tabanlarının nasıl hazırlanacağı, nasıl sorgulanacağı ve grafikler, görüntüler ve diğer bilgilerin nasıl alınacağı verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Beşinci ve son bölümde ise konu ile ilgili pratik deneylerden elde edilen sonuçlar ve ülke boyutunda gerçekleştirilmesi önerilen coğrafi bilgi sistemine ilişkin düşünceler açıklanmıştır. viii

Özet (Çeviri)

SUMMARY THE USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION: A CASE STUDY FOR THE LECTURE“GEOGRAPHY OF TURKEY”The main purpose of this study is to express the importance of Geographic Information System (GIS) and to give a general information about its terms and concepts. The other aim is to show up that it can be used also in education sector amazingly as wide range applications. Now, GIS are becoming widely established in the commercial, government, military and education sectors. Recently, many organizations are spending large amounts of money on GISs and on geographic databases. Because the geography with the data describing it is a part of human's everyday life; almost every decision is constrained influenced or dictated by some facts of geography. It means that the GIS is not only a need, but also an opportunity. The term GIS frequently is used to describe a number of applications and systems. For the beginners, this term may cause a great deal of confusion because it appears to have a wide variety of definitions and covers very different subject areas. First, it is vitally important to understand what a GIS actually is and what it can be used for. This case study is made up of five chapters. The first chapter contains a general overview to this study and deals with the importance of data needs. The relation between GIS and geodesy & photogrammetry is also given. In the second chapter, the importance, necessity and benefits of GIS are explained and presented a conceptual approach to the terms of it. Geographic data concept and its structures are also given. The other subjects included by this chapter are; * The components of GIS * The application fields of GIS * The method of geographic data acquisition * Some statistical tables about government, business, scientific and environmental tasks and data needs. IXThird chapter contains computer assisted instrucüon (CAI). it is given some general information and teaching techniques and explained the importance of software, and hardware, and the limitations of CAI This chapter also deals with the difficulties about improving CAI in developing countries and some application and searching programs in our country. Fourth chapter is dedicated to the design and implementation of GIS pilot project about Geography of Turkey Lecture in schools, containing the creation of geographic database and basic spatial analysis and queries to produce reports and maps. in the fifth and final chapter it is presented some results, suggestions and opinions about GIS and data standardization. The use of GISs grew dramatically in the 1980s to become commonplace in many business universities and governments. There are many different definitions, of what GIS is and what it can ör should do. Öne of them;“GIS is system of hardware, software and procedures designed to support the capture management, manipulaüon, analysis, modeling and display of spatially referenced data for solving complex planning and management problems”GIS technology is important today because it offers a critically important means of understanding and dealing with some of the most pressing problems like tropical deforestation, the future of the global climate, the need for the ecologically sensitive development of global natural resources, acid rain, and rapid urbanization. GIS technology provides to store, organize, analyze and manipulate the information about these problems. Conventional maps have effective graphic information but they are not very useful for supporting data retrieval. There may be very large amount data about geography. These data may exist as maps,tables of data ör even as lists of names and addresses. Such large volumes of data are not efficiently handled using manual methods. A GIS is designed for handling such large volumes of data by using some Data Bâse Management Systems (DBMS). Structured design approaches are becoming more common in the spatial data handling area and initial attempts are being made to construct the types of engineering cost estimation functions which are found today for less specialized. At present, there are several categories of information technology. They generally fail into the following categories: *Engineering, mapping systems *Property ör parcel information systems *Generalized thematic and statistical mapping systems *Bibliographic systems x*Geographic base file systems associated with street networks *image processing systems Geographic data is most commonly thought of as having two basic characteristics *Locational (Graphic-spatial) data *Non-locational (non-graphic) data But there is an other conceptual component of GIS and it is; *Time Graphic data, called coordinate data, defines the position of the geographic features in space. Non-graphic data, known as attributes, are descriptive data and it does not contain topological information. The components of GIS are as follows, *Geographic data *Hardware *Software *Personnel Geographic data can be obtained by the methods of; *digitizing (manuâl ör by scanning) *video-recording *remote sensing *photogrammetric methods *geodetic survey *keying in alphanumeric data *transferring GIS files The hardware components of a GIS can be thought of as three majör groups which contain various devices: *Data input devices *Data storage and processing devices *Data presentation devices The software components of a GIS are; *Data input and verification software *Data storage and management software *Data transformation software *Query software: *Data presentation software *User interface software : XİThe personnel component of GIS is very important because the number of user of GIS is growing rapidly and almost none of the existing Geographical Information Systems are user-friendly enough to be used by non-specialists. GIS personnel are listed as follows; *The manager *The general manager *The information manager *The GIS system manager *The GIS developer *The GIS system analyst *The GIS system designer *The GIS system programmer *The GIS User *The ad hoc GIS user *The specialized GIS user it is clear that the above groups do not cover the whole range of GIS activities and it is also obvious that only a few organizations capable to accommodate ali types of personnel. With today's technology it is very easy to use GIS in education sector. But it is very important to choose the suitable hardware and software. The education programs have to be prepared by using teaching techniques. The case study for the Lecture“Geography of the Turkey”is a base study to show the usage of GIS in computer assisted instruction. This project is composed of two phases: *Establishment of geographic database ** Design of geographic database ** Preparation of coverages of ali data types *Integration of ali data in the sofhvare (ArcView Version.2) *Making queries and obtaining products The data used in this project is prepared by; *digitizing f rom 1:1 000 000 scale map of Turkey *scanning some features (images, aerial photographs, plans and maps) and some statistical attribute values are used. The hardware configuration used is listed below: Digitizer: 36 X 48 inch working area High Precision Standard xiiScanner: Color Separation : Single CCD and three RGB filters Scanning Resolution: 75, 100, 150, 300, 400 dpi Gray Scales : 256 levels Scanning Area : 11.7 X 17 inch Speed: 200 Kbytes/second INTERGRAPH WORKSTATION: Model : Intergraph IP2430-312 Hard Disk : 426 MB + l GB external disk RAM : 48 MB CPU : 36 Mips Operating system : UNIX DEC WORKSTATION: Model : DEC 5240 Hard Disk : 1.3 GB RAM : 32 MB CPU : 32.4 Specmark (6 MGFLOPS) Operating system : Ultrix As conclusion, it is identified that building a GIS in today's technology is not very hard, but it is very important to follow below procedures: *Feasibility study *System Analyze *System Design *System Implementation *Maintaining The capabilities offered by a GIS is highly dependent upon the data structure of this geographic database. Another conclusion could be that, the more capabilities a data structure offers generally the more processing power would be required.

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