Economy versus security the essence of alignment under the regional anarchy: A comparative case study of the Armenian and Azerbaijanian alliance formation after the Cold War
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 523563
- Danışmanlar: Prof. Dr. HEINZ GäRTNER
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2017
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Universität Wien
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 414
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
A comprehensive literature survey showed that the present research on alliances is not able to explain the essence of alliance formation and alignment. Because the mainstream of these research fails to consider the role of ideational factors due to their realist ontology. In this context, the Balance of Power and Balance of Threat Theories and their numerous variants emerge as the major approaches. However, Walt (1987)'s neorealist theory Balance of Threat (BoT) is regarded as the most accepted approach in the literature. It offers rich analytical tools to understand and explain the motives of the alliance formation based on four variables: aggregate power, proximity, offensive capability, and offensive intentions. The last variable requires an ideational interpretation that makes BoT Theory promising one to advance it on the ideational ground. Accordingly, the analysis of the intentions was made by using constructivist tools since they offer more insights to explain the construction of the social issues such as past interactions, identities, perceptions, unit-regional-system level cultures, interests, and material factors. Furthermore, the analysis of the past lessons has been conducted with the help of the Learning Theory (Reiter, 1996). In this context, a case study focusing two historical periods has been designed to understand the effect of narratives, myths, analogies, fear, enmity/amity, hatred, and roles in the construction of identities, perceptions, and subjective security interests. The study showed the presence of a causal and constructive link among identity, threat perception, and alignment. The investigation proved that the traumatic past lessons, conflicting identities, and non-cooperative regional security paradigm generate negative perception patterns, which constitute the primary source of the security dilemma. The proposed Threat Estimation Model indicates that the negative perception patterns and offensive capability generally lead to high-level threat estimation. Additionally, the empirical findings demonstrated that identity, which is the referent object of the societal securitization, gives the meaning to material needs and ignites the securitization processes in the other sectors. The study examined security dynamics at three levels: domestic, intra-regional and external to figure out the alignment dynamics by defining identity layout, role structures, and prevailing security paradigm in the region. Accordingly, the study demonstrated that an alignment could emerge on the ideational and material links or both. The study found that there are four types of cooperation in respect to the strength of the Collective Identity (CI). The study identified the CI as the major driver of the alignment and the central motive behind the different alliance strategies. Based on the strength of the CI, two different mechanisms might operate. A strong CI based on both ideational and material identity links is prone to activate an alignment mechanism. Otherwise, the moderate and less strong CIs tend to operate alliance formation mechanism that generates various alliance strategies such as balancing, bandwagoning, and hedging. Therefore, scholars shall be aware of the difference between the alignment and alliance formation. Considering the empirical findings, the study outlines an analytical framework that can be used as a guide to determine the characteristic, scope and strength of the cooperation in a spectrum ranging from alignment to the various variants/strategies of alliance formation. It combines all relevant factors, which is effectual in the formation and sustainment of a cooperation, in a single structure. A societal approach to international politics adopts the idea that the elements of the system are malleable and subject to change across time and space. The continuous interactions in the system alter the corporate and type identities that construct new subjective security interests, perception patterns, and security paradigm, thus, affect the alignment behaviors. This mentality allows us to conduct a dynamic analysis based on the multi-causality. Based on this approach, this study contributed to other studies in the alliance literature by: a. developing a threat estimation model and explaining the formation of perception patterns (chapter IV), b. showing the role of identities in the alignment and framing a concept on identity links (chapter V), c. explaining alignment dynamics (chapter VI), d. distinguishing alignment from the alliance, e. offering“integration”and“orientation”as new terms for the alliance terminology, f. framing the alignment and alliance formation mechanisms, g. suggesting a holistic analytical framework that combines ideational and material factors.
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