Urban palimpsest at Galata & an architectural inventory study for the genoese colonial territories in Asia minor
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 540035
- Danışmanlar: Prof. MAURIZIO BORIANI
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Mimarlık, Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama, Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2018
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Politechnico di Milano (Technical University of Milan)
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 534
Özet
Özet yok.
Özet (Çeviri)
The Republic of Genoa has established many commercial colonies all along from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea during the Late Medieval Period after some concessions. At the same time, the noble Genoese family of Gattilusio has acquired the control of significant possessions in the North Aegean from the Byzantines, established two family lordships there and slightly expanded their lands over time. Correspondingly, both periods have left some traces with different characteristics on palimpsests of the built heritage in those possessions. Existing buildings and urban patterns from older periods together with local construction materials and techniques in those areas can be counted as the most significant factors during the Genoese constructions, which can be revealed through historical documents, architectural investigations and comparisons between different built heritage. In fact, the nature of the architectural heritage in Turkey and specifically Istanbul, being the former Constantinople was already consisted of many historical layers from different civilizations and cultures. Like how the Genoese have took control of the aforementioned colonial territories and family possessions from a former civilization, their presence was not everlasting as well, so architectural layers added during the Genoese period have also become a part of the palimpsest and started to remain behind the ones coming afterwards. Yet, they did not remain the same through centuries and either completely disappeared or heavily altered until modern times by successor civilizations, mainly the Ottomans. The overlapping of several different urban and architectural layers can be interpreted as an enriched built heritage but the exact contribution of the Genoese in between is an issue needs to be explained in greater detail. A possible influence of the Genoese on later period buildings is another important issue, which was already questioned in some studies. When the Aegean and Euxine possessions gradually felt into the Ottoman hands in the 15th century, the Genoese colonial period has came to an end together with family lordships of Gattilusio. Much later, when the Ottoman Empire has continued to dissolve in the 19th century, those former Genoese settlements were also started to remain inside the borders of different countries one by one. For the ones in Asia Minor and Thrace, basically being the geographical and political limits of the modern day Turkey, it can be said that there is a disconnection between their identity and where they originally belong to. Furthermore, devastations of modern times slowly and ultimately covered them together with other parts of palimpsests, due to either necessities of growing cities or potential ideological reasons. Thus, an inventory study with an architectural point of view but naturally supported by other disciplines is necessary. The main reason of it can be explained that available sources about the built heritage of the Genoese in their former colonies remaining inside Turkey lack such a perspective and detailed study. Galata (Pera) in Constantinople, now Istanbul was one of the most prominent colonial possessions of the Genoese, which mainly had consecutive Byzantine, Genoese and Ottoman / Turkish periods, respectively. For this reason, apart from other possible Genoese architectural heritage in the Aegean and Black Sea coasts of Turkey, it was handled with a greater depth and comparisons for their physical characteristics to demonstrate hybrid constructions with noteworthy traces from the Genoese. Multilayered character of the city needs to be observed and displayed in detail for a true identity despite the difficulties of taking any actions in terms of preservation of the architectural heritage. After giving a brief overview in the first chapter, the second chapter of this study specifically deals with Galata and its built heritage from the Genoese, supported with related details from other eras. The third chapter focuses on all the former colonial settlements of the Genoese remaining inside Turkey, together with their brief histories and the Genoese constructions there. In the last chapter, conservation problems of some case studies in Galata were handled with respect to national and international perspectives in terms of identity, legislation and the way of approach. Recent attempts in order to designate some fortified settlements on commercial routes of the Genoese, now remaining inside Turkey as world heritage were also criticized through the study.
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