Değişik tünel tipleri ve toprak örtülerinin karpuzlarda erkencilik, verim ve kalite üzerine etkileri
Başlık çevirisi mevcut değil.
- Tez No: 6587
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. NURETTİN KAŞKA
- Tez Türü: Doktora
- Konular: Ziraat, Agriculture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1989
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: Çukurova Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Belirtilmemiş.
- Sayfa Sayısı: 196
Özet
162 fc.ÖZET Bölgemizde büyük alanlarda tek katlı alçak tüneller altında yapılan erkenci karpuz tarımının îıer yıl artması sonucunda oluşan pazar tıkanıklığını düzenlemek ve erkenciliği biraz daha öne almak amacıyla, alınacak önlemler ve tek katlı alçak tünellere seçenek olabilecek kültürel önlemleri bulmayı amaçlayan bu çalışma 1986-1988 yılları arasında Çukur ora Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümünün killi-tm karakter indeki deneme ve uygulama bahçesinde 3 yıl süreyle yürütülmüştür. Denemenin 3 yılında, erkenci çeşitler olan Sugar Baby ile Panonia I± ve denemenin son iki yılında, anılan çeşitlere ek olarak rrc^n-ı Vfİ t“ op*,ît nlft*”* W* 1 ar. ft.s?vflîi
Özet (Çeviri)
-167- 7. SlüffiâlY In our region early watermelon production under the low plastic tunnels is gradually increasing every year. This creates a bottleneck in the marketing. This study aims to find out cultural measures to improve the culture, to regulate the market and to bring alternatives to the low tunnel for earlier production. This study has been carried out at the experimental orchard of at the Department of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty, Çukurova University, during the years of 1986-1988. In the preliminary experiments in 1986, Sugar Baby and Panonia I± were used and then in during 1987-1988 in the actual experiments Halep Karası was also introduced. The experiments were carried out in single lo¥ tunnel, double low tunnel, high tunnel, high + single low tunnel and without tunnel condition for control. In addition watermelons have been planted in the experimental soils with black and transparent plastic mulch and without mulch. Mulch experiments exercised in all tunnel conditions. In 1987-1988 temperature measurements have been made using thermocuaple-cupper constanten wires at the depths of (-5, -15, -30cm) and at soil level (0 cm) and above soil level (+20 cm). The findings obtained from these measurements are summarized below. As a results of the 24 hour measurement which were made at the depths of below and above soil, with and without tunnel conditions, The highest temperature was observed in high + single low tonnel and it was flowed by, high tunnel, double low tunnel, single low tunnel and without tunnel conditions. Soil mulches were observed to be most effective at soil level, this effect continues at -5 cm. depth, however, and decreases at - 15 cm and -30 cm depth. The temperature measurement which is made in with and without soil mulch areas of the tunnel types reveals that the temperature in transparent plastic mulch areas is higher than black plastic mulch areas. In transparent plastic mulch areas of tunnel types the average highest temperatures measured at 0 cm soil level, -5, -15 and -30 cm soil depth are 26.87, 25.26, 23.80, 22.53°C respectively- 168 - in high + single low tunnel, transparent plastic mulch area. The lowest temperatures are 24.36, 23.33, 22. İ8, 21.42°C respectively in without tunnel condition and tranparent plastic mulch areas. Growths of above and below ground organs of the plant were measured in the experiments in 1988. The measurements related to above ground organs were made with the plants in double low tunnel and single low tunnel and without tunnel condition. The measurements related to below ground organs were made with the plants in all tunnel types. The results obtained from these measurements are as follows. 1) All the tunnel types and soil mulches increased the lenght of main stem of the plant in comparison to without tunnel condition. The highest inrease has been in double low tunnel plus transparent plastic mulch in Halep Karası variety. 2) Tunnel types have been found effective in the increase m the number of vines, however, the greatest number of vines have been found in transparent plastic mulch areas and in Halep Karası among the varieties. 3) Tunnel types and soil mulches are more effective on the root lenght compared to without tunnel condition. The longest root lenght is obtained from the single low tunnel and from the black plastic mulch and from Halep Karası. 4) All the tunnel types have been effective on diameter of roots compared to without tunnel condition. In this respect, difference among tunnel types has not been found significant. The effects of the soil mulches on root diameter has not been significant and Halep Karası has been observed to from a thicker root diameter than the other two varieties. 5) At the fresh weight of roots, similar results have been obtained in tunnel types and varieties and root diameter. In addition, the soil mulches were effective at the fresh weight of roots and it was found that the heaviest fresh weights of roots occured under transparent plastic mulch.-169- 6) On dry weights of roots the effect of tunnel types and soil mulches have not been found significant. Dry weight of roots of Halep Karası was found heavier than the other two varieties. In the preliminary experiments at 1986 Sugar Baby and Panonia II were used and then during 1987 and 1988 Halep Karası was also introduced. In 1986 only yield and weight values have been taken. In the other years some other characteristics of quality have been taken into consideration. The results obtained according to these are as follows. 1) Tunnel types and soil mulches have increased the early yields of watermelon varieties more than without tunnel conditions. The earliest and total yields have been taken from high + single low tunnel (2.20 and 5.09 t/da), high tunnel (2.04 and 5.06 t/da), *“A V ---Li,-”~ - 'y-r » i_' V. ;» İ.-İ-.~*-- ~ \ "« - - ? ^ ^.--^r^-i -^, * ^.- v- b Üi-a. İ,- t-= A-i^w; » >-. iwv L-.-4-. -*^i A *- -i- t w. f.»» *^ti*V* 3.27 t/da) and without tunnel condition (0.00 and 2.35 t/da), respectively, according to the average of years. In early crop, transparent plastic (1.50 t/da) and black plastic mulch (1.44 t/da) yield, close to one another. In total yield, the highest yield has been taken from the transparent plastic mulch (4.64 t/da) the yields of black plastic mulch (3.71 t/da) and without soil mulch (3.49 t/da) were found close to each other. Among the tested varieties Panonia Fj_ (2.08 t/da) was found as the earliest. Sugar Baby (1.68 t/da) as the mid early and Halep Karası (0.04 t/da) as the latest. In total yield while Halep Karası (4.94 t/da) and Panonia Fj_ (4.21 t/da) were giving the highest yields, Sugar Baby (3.50 t/da) was giving lower yield than the other varieties. 2) The effects of the experiments were found different from the view point of the number of fruit. The highest number of fruits were obtained from high + single low tunnel and high tunnel, black plastic mulched plots and Halep Karası variety. 3) The heaviest fruit was obtained from high + single low tunel and high tunnel; soil mulch did not seem effect fruit weight. Panonia Fj_ has given the highest number of fruits among the others.-170- 4) It has determined that soil mulches are not influential on fruit diameter, however, tunnel types were found effective among themselves and at a level changing from year to year. The biggest fruit diameter was observed in Panonia F^ (19.66 cm) in 1987, and 1988 (18.89 cm). In Halep Karası the biggest diameter was found as 18.69 cm in 1988. Fruit diameter of Sugar Baby was observed smaller in both years than the other two varieties. 5) In 1987, tunnel types have been more influential on fruit lenghts than without tunnel condition. However, the difference between tunnel types have not been found significant. In 1988, tunnel types were not effective enough on fruit lenght. In 1987, the effect of soil mulches were not found significant on fruit lenght. However, in 1988, fruit lenght was increased by transparent plastic mulch. The longest fruits were obtained from Panonia F^ in 1987. In 1988, the lenghts of Panonia Fj_ and Halep Karası, were found longer than Sugar Baby. 6) Tunnel types and soil mulches were not found effective on rind thickness. The thickest rind was observed in Halep Karası (12.53 cm). Rind thicknesses of Sugar Baby (10.36 mm) and Panonia T% (10.05 cm) were observed very close to each other. 7) Tunnel types and soil mulches have been influential on the number of seed/ fruit in 1987 and not influential in 1988. The highest number of seeds were found in Panonia F^ (173) and the lowest in Sugar Baby (122). The number of seeds/fruit in Halep Karası (128) was found in between the other two varieties. 8) Tunnel types have been found more influential on total soluble solids as compared to without tunnel condition, but the difference between tunnel types was not significant. On the other hand, the effects of soil mulches was not found significant on TSS. The varieties which have the highest TSS are Sugar Baby (8.40 %) and Panonia Fj. (7.9İ X), Halep Karası (7.13 %) Ms a lower TSS. 9) The highest value in fruit juice pH has been found in Sugar Baby and Panonia F^ and Halep Karası followed them.
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