Bacalar ve sanayi bacası hesabının bilgisayar programlanması
Chimnyes and the computer programming of the industrial chimney calculations
- Tez No: 66484
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. ALPİN KEMAL DAĞSÖZ
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 1997
- Dil: Türkçe
- Üniversite: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
- Enstitü: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Makine Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Enerji Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 148
Özet
ÖZET BACALAR VE SANAYİ BACASI HESABININ BİLGİSAYAR PROGRAMLANMASI Bu çalışmada bir yanma sonucu açığa çıkan atık gazların tahliye edilmesini sağlayan duman bacaları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Baca elemanları açıklanmış, ayrıca baca tiplerini ve elemanlarını tanıtıcı şekillere de yer verilmiştir. Bacaların sağlamaları gereken şartlar ve DIN 4705 kısım 1' e göre teorik baca hesabı açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın son kısmında ise sanayi bacalarının hesabına yönelik bilgisayar programı verilmiştir. Bu vesile ile fazla yayın bulunmayan bu konuda literatüre bir katkıda bulunulmaya çalışılmıştır. XI
Özet (Çeviri)
SUMMARY CHIMNEYS AND THE COMPUTER PROGRAMMING OF THE INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEY CALCULATIONS Chimney is an element that provides the release of the reenacts of gas coming out after burning. The determination of the cross section and the height of the chimney, selection of the material and the construction is essential for the productivity of the boilers, air pollution, fire and structural strength. The use of natural gas that has been begun in excited a question mark about the chimney, in minds of either the consumers or the people that engaged in the production of the natural gas and even the companies that make the distribution. Not only the burning products like CO2, SO2, NO and particles that come out in the result of a burning event, but also water vapor is released with the chimney gas. If the construction and material of the chimney do not provide the required conditions, intensifying of the water vapor in the chimney, causes abrasion and corrosion on the material of the chimney walls. Chimneys have a significance from the point of view of productivity as a great amount of energy is released with the waste gas because of the losses of the chimney. In order to prevent that, it's necessary to improve the burning and to increase the productivity by means of decreasing the volume of the waste gas and the resistance's in the chimney. XllFor the design of the chimneys the calculation type in the DIN 4705 PART 1 is used. In this calculation, it's confirmed that whether the designed chimney provides the conditions of pressure and temperature Also the sufficiency of the velocity of the waste gas is controlled. The summary of this calculation is ; According to the type of fuel and strength of the heat of the boiler, the amount of the waste gas and the percentage of CO2 is calculated. The pressure losses that occur because of the connecting pipe and friction in the chimney, the elements like the change of the cross section of the elbow of the pipe, mantelpiece etc.. are calculated. The coming out temperature of the waste gas is calculated by using the data involving the temperature during coming out of the boiler, mass flow rate of the waste gas, the geometrical properties of the chimney, the thermal gestures of the material of the chimney Also by using the difference of the densities of the waste gas and the height of the chimney, the traction is calculated. If the summary of this traction is greater than the pressure losses, it means the pressure condition is provided. The temperature in the chimney wall in which the waste gas flows, should not go below the intensifying temperature. If it goes below of the abrasion and as a result significant problems like collapsing may occur. The control of pressures: P = P - P > P 4- P 4. P - P *? Z x n x R - MW ^ x FV ^ x L M Z e HUPz : Below atmosphere pressure at the entrance of the chimney Ph :Elevating pressure PR :Chimney resistance pressure Pw :Blow out pressure required for the boiler Pfv :Blow out pressure required for the connection pipe Pl : Blow out pressure required for the combustion air Pze : Below atmosphere pressure required at the entrance of the chimney The control of the temperatures: T.^>T (T=T) Tiob :Interior temperatures at the top of the chimney Tg :dew point temperature In the calculation of the industrial chimneys, if we mention about the items that display a difference from the house chimneys ; Since most of the industrial chimneys are geometrically conic in shape, the chimney is divided into control volumes an din every control volume, every changing heat transfer expression is calculated. XIVThe design of a chimney has a great importance. Because a chimney design has an influence on improving the combustion in the furnace. Small waste gas volume, low chimney loss and small outlet resistance of waste gas from trough the chimney. First design consideration is size of the smallest inside diameter of the chimney and the second is height. The smallest diameter depends on the type and volume of gas to be emitted. This helps the the maximize the efficiency of the system, and minimize corrosion of the chimney interior. Chimney height is the second design consideration. The taller the chimney, the more widely gas is disbursed and the better the natural draft characteristics. The other design considerations are initial cost, material of the chimney and life time cost. A chimney designer is also in the position to recommend trade-off between cost and optimum chimney cost. It can seen from the results of the computer programming of the industrial chimney calculations there is a big amount of energy loss from chimney. The less pressure resistance helps less waste gas temperature. It can obtain from better combustion. At this point chimney, combustion and energy economy must be take in account together. By the less loss from the chimney the less fuel loss can be obtain. This will effect the country economy. XVCogeneration and heat reclamation are potentials for saving energy costs that are becoming feasible as the cost of energy rises. Cogeneration uses heat from the waste gas to make hot water for industrial processes or preheat the inlet air for combustion. Heat reclamation captures waste heat through heat exchangers for hot water or space heating from the furnaces or engines. To decrease these losses, we have to use new energy conservation systems and recovery systems. For example, by the help of a cogeneration system, the inlet air can be preheated. By that way the temperature of the waste gas will also be reduced. As a result of this application, the chimney loss will decrease and the efficiency of combustion will increase. The advantages of increasing efficiency are the conservation of fuel, less fuel consumption, less fuel transportation costs, decrease in air pollution. By using a computer program chimney calculations, design and control steps decreased from 2-3 hours to minutes. XVI
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