Interactions between tomato rootstock and scion varieties regarding growth and development under different water supply levels
Farklı su seviyelerinde büyüme ve gelişme açısından domates anaç ve kalem çeşitleri arasındaki etkileşimler
- Tez No: 714226
- Danışmanlar: PROF. DR. HARTMUT STÜTZEL
- Tez Türü: Yüksek Lisans
- Konular: Ziraat, Agriculture
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Belirtilmemiş.
- Yıl: 2009
- Dil: İngilizce
- Üniversite: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
- Enstitü: Yurtdışı Enstitü
- Ana Bilim Dalı: Bahçe Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Islahı Ana Bilim Dalı
- Bilim Dalı: Bahçe Bitkileri Bilim Dalı
- Sayfa Sayısı: 99
Özet
Bu çalışma 2007-2009 yıllarında Almanya Hannover Üniversitesi, Doğal Bilimler Fakültesi, Bitkisel Üretim Sistemleri Enstitüsü'nde yapılmıştır. Çalışma, farklı domates anaç ve kalemlerinin farklı sulama seviyelerine karşı gösterdiği bitki gelişimi incelemek ve buna bağlı olarak da fizyolojik ve morfolojik farklılıkların belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. İlk denemede farklı domates kalem ve anaçlarında aşılamanın etkisinin taranması amacıyla 'Dirk, Pannovy ve Treasury domates kalemleri, 'Brigeor, Maxifort ve Vigomax domates anaçları üzerine aşılanmış ve normal sulama koşulları altında serada yetiştirilmiştir. Bu tarama çalışması sonucunda önemli derecede farklılıklar göstererek belirlenen farklı kalem (Pannovy ve Treasury) ve anaçlar (Brigeor ve Maxifort) ikinci denemede normal sulanan koşullarda ve kuraklık stresi koşulları altında test edilmiştir. Birinci deneme sonucuna göre farklı kalem ve anaçlar arasında aşılamanın etkisi bakımından önemli farklılıklar (P
Özet (Çeviri)
Water resources are limited quantitatively and qualitatively in the world. Global warming, rapid increase in world population and rising food demand increase this scarcity and water develops to the most important substance on the earth. Furthermore, whether permanent or temporary, drought limits the growth and yield of crop plants worldwide more than any other environmental factor. As many vegetable crops, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) has a high water requirement and needs a controlled supply of water throughout the growing period for optimal fruit quality and high yield. Therefore, it is necessary to search for alternatives in tomato production and develop management strategies to guarantee a high level of quality and yield even under drought conditions. Currently, grafting of tomatoes onto compatible rootstocks becomes more and more popular particularly to achieve resistances against poor growth and yield caused by low soil temperature, salinity and drought stress. This study focused on the interactions between tomato rootstock and scion varieties regarding growth, development and yield under different water supply levels to identify the morphological and physiological plant traits related to drought tolerance of a tomato crop. Therefore, three different tomato scion (S) varieties were grafted with different rootstocks (R) varieties. As control treatments the S and R varieties were grafted on themselves. To evaluate growth and morphological effects, various plant parameters such as the leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf area, stem fresh and dry weight, stem length, root dry weight, and total root length (in two soil layers) were investigated. To determine physiological plant traits, the stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, relative leaf water content and osmotic potential was assessed. Throughout the study, three greenhouse experiments were carried out using 2x30 L containers. In the first experiment the grafting combinations were tested only under well watered (WW) condition. With respect to their significant interactions two of the S and R varieties were selected and compared in the second experiment under WW and drought stressed (DS) conditions up to early fruit development stage. In the last experiment the same S and R varieties were compared with respect to their physiological and morphological plant traits up to first fruit ripening stage. Abstract xiii In the first experiment the grafted S varieties interacted highly positive with the three R varieties. The S varieties increased their leaf area, fruit fresh weight and thus a higher total dry matter production was achieved when they were grafted onto R varieties under WW conditions. Among scion-rootstock combinations highly significant differences were found in terms of all parameters and usually best performance was shown by the Pan-Max combination. In the second experiment, irrespective of self-grafted scion and rootstock and scionrootstock combinations the leaf area, water use efficiency (WUE) referring to fruit fresh weight and total dry weight were higher under WW than under DS conditions. Higher total root length, total root dry weight, root/shoot ratio under DS than under WW conditions were found whereas the differences were not significant. The self-grafted S varieties decreased their leaf dry weight, fruit fresh weight, total plant dry weight under DS condition. However, an increase in leaf area, leaf dry weight, fruit fresh weight, total plant dry weight and WUE referring to fruit fresh and total plant dry weight was achieved when they were grafted onto R varieties under DS condition. On the other hand, all these parameters were considerably reduced when self-grafted S varieties were grafted onto R varieties under WW condition. In terms of root development both self-grafted R varieties showed contrasting results when they were grafted with both S varieties under both WW and DS conditions. The R variety Brigeor reduced total root dry weight, root length density root/shoot ratio when it was grafted with both scion varieties while an increase in all parameters were shown by R variety Maxifort. The best performance in fruit fresh weight was shown by Pan-Brig under WW condition while Treas-Brig showed best performance in fruit fresh weight under DS condition. In the last experiment, morphological plant parameters such as leaf area, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, fruit fresh weight, fruit diameter, total plant dry weight were higher under WW than under DS conditions. As well, in terms of physiological plant parameters such as leaf water potential and osmotic potential the results were higher under WW compared to under DS condition. Similar to Experiment II, the self-grafted S varieties decreased their morphological parameters while an increase exhibited when they were grafted onto R varieties under DS condition. As a result of higher WUE regarding fruit fresh weight and total plant dry weight the best performance in fruit fresh weight was shown by Pan-Brig combination under both water supply levels.
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